ارزیابی اثر گردوغبار و بیماری زغالی بلوط بر مشخصه‌‌های زیستی بلوط ایرانی (.Quercus brantii Lindl) در استان ایلام

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه آمار، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

زوال جنگل، برآیند تأثیر متقابل خشک‌سالی و یخ‌بندان‌‌های زودهنگام، سن درختان، کیفیت رویشگاه، آفات و بیماری‌ها و پدیده گرد‌‌و‌‌غبار است. با توجه ‌به بروز بحران زوال بلوط، شیوع بیماری زغالی و نیز رخداد طوفان‌های گردوغبار در جنگل‌های زاگرس، پژوهش پیش‌رو با هدف اندازه‌‌گیری مقدار ذرات گردوغبار ته‌‌نشست‌شده روی برگ بلوط ایرانی (Quercus brantii Lindl.) و بررسی مشخصه‌‌های زیستی درختان سالم و بیمار این گونه در بخشی از جنگل‌‌های هیانان در شمال­شرقی شهر ایلام انجام شد. برای اندازه‌‌گیری ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی، بررسی فعالیت آنتی‌‌اکسیدانی و آنزیم‌‌ها و مقدار رسوب خشک گردوغبار روی برگ، از بخش‌‌های متفاوت تاج هر پایه به‌‌طور تصادفی نمونه‌‌گیری‌‌ شد. میانگین رسوب خشک گردوغبار در واحد سطح برگ درختان بلوط ایرانی طی سه دوره نمونه‌‌برداری از 21/0 تا 26/0 میلی‌‌گرم در سانتی‌‌متر مربع متغیر بود. از این ‌نظر تفاوت معنی‌داری بین درختان سالم و بیمار مشاهده نشد. مقدار کلروفیل‌های a، b و کل و کاروتنوئید در پایه‌های سالم (به‌ترتیب 03/0، 06/0، 1/0 و 14/0 میلی‌‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) به‌طور معنی‌‌داری بیشتر از درختان بیمار (038/0، 05/0، 08/0 و 12/0 میلی‌‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) به‌دست آمد. همچنین، مقدار آنتی‌‌اکسیدان و کاتالاز در برگ درختان سالم به‌ترتیب با 9/56 درصد و 01/0 واحد بر میلی‌‌گرم پروتئین به‌طور معنی‌‌داری بیشتر از درختان بیمار با مقادیر 8/42 درصد و 008/0 واحد بر میلی‌‌گرم پروتئین بودند. فنل و فلاونوئید بیشتری در برگ درختان بیمار (به‌ترتیب 9/169 و 8/47 میلی‌‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) نسبت به برگ پایه‌های سالم (به‌ترتیب 5/114 و 6/36 میلی‌‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) مشاهده شد. درمجموع، می‌توان گفت که بلوط ایرانی در جنگل‌‌های مورد مطالعه علاوه‌‌بر توانایی زیاد در حفظ و نگهداشت ذرات گرد‌‌و‌‌غبار، در برابر عوامل ایجاد بیماری زغالی بسیار مقاوم است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the effects of dust and intensity of oak charcoal disease on biological characteristics of Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in the Ilam Province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • K. Manouchehri 1
  • M.R. Kavosi 2
  • M. Pourhashemi 3
  • M. Babanezhad 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Prof., Department of Statistics, College of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

    Forest decline is the interactive result of factors such as climate, in particular the occurrence of drought and early frost, tree age, habitat quality, pests and diseases, and the phenomenon of dust. The aim of this study was 1) to measure the amount of dust particles deposited on Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) trees in a forest stand in Ilam province and 2) to survey the biological characteristics of healthy trees and those hosting oak charcoal disease. Random sampling was performed from different parts of the crown of each rootstock to measure biochemical traits, study of antioxidant activity and enzymes and amount of dry dust deposition on the leaf. On the leaves, samples were randomly drawn from different parts of the crown. The average dry deposited dust per unit leaf area of oak during the three sampling periods ranged from 0.21 to 0.26 mg/cm2. No significant difference was observed between healthy and diseased trees. The amount of chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoids in healthy and diseased trees were significantly different, with observed 0.3, 0.06, 0.1 and 0.14 mg/g fresh weight in healthy trees, as well as over 0.038, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.12 mg/g fresh weight in diseased trees, respectively. In addition, the amount of antioxidants and catalase in healthy trees were 56.9 percent and 0.01 units per mg of protein, respectively, which were significantly higher than the diseased trees showing 42.8 and 0.008 units per mg of protein. The amount of phenol and flavonoids in diseased trees (169.9 and 47.8 mg/g fresh weight) was more than healthy trees (114.5 and 36.6 mg/g fresh weight). This study concludes that Brant`s oak in the studied forest is very resistant to coal disease, added by its high ability to preserve and retain dust particles.              

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carotenoids
  • chlorophyll
  • dry sediment
  • flavonoids
  • phenol

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