روند تغییرات حفاظت‌کننده‏‌های اسمزی و پارامترهای فیزیولوژی سه گونه اکالیپتوس در پاسخ به تنش سرب

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکترای اصلاح نباتات، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش پیش‏رو به‌منظور بررسی تغییرات بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی نونهال‏های سه گونه اکالیپتوس (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.، E. microtheca F. Muell و E. occidentalis Endl.) در پاسخ به سمیت سرب انجام شد. بذرها در گلدان‏های حاوی سنگریزه کشت شدند و توسط محلول‏ غذایی آبیاری شدند. پس از گذشت 10 هفته، نونهال‏های اکالیپتوس در معرض تیمارهای نیترات سرب (صفر، 50، 100 و 200 میلی‌مولار) به ‌مدت 10 ماه قرار گرفتند و پس از آن با استفاده از دستگاه ICP-OES غلظت سرب در اندام‏های ریشه، ساقه و برگ نونهال‏ها اندازه‌گیری شد. روند انباشت سرب در برگ به‌صورت E. camaldulensis > E. microtheca <  E. occidentalis بود. غلظت سرب در بافت ریشه بیشتر از برگ و ساقه بود و در اغلب موارد در بافت ساقه نیز کمتر از برگ بود. در هر سه گونه با افزایش غلظت سرب، غلظت این عنصر در بافت‏های گیاه نیز افزایش یافت. با افزایش غلظت سرب، در هر سه گونه محتوای پرولین و قندهای محلول افزایش یافت و در مقابل محتوای رنگیزه‏ها، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و سطح ویژه برگ کاهش یافت. این نتایج بیان‌گر آن بود که اکالیپتوس دارای مکانیسم‏های مؤثر در برابر سمیت سرب ازجمله تجمع حفاظت‌کننده‏های اسمزی بود. در میان سه گونه مورد بررسی، بیشترین غلظت سرب تجمع‌یافته در برگ و ساقه E. occidentalis مشاهده شد که به‌ترتیب 2/38 و 1/82 برابر غلظت سرب تجمع‌یافته در برگ E.camaldulensis و E. microtheca بود، اگرچه حداقل مقدار شاخص تحمل تنش (0/76) در E. occidentalis مشاهده شد. در کل، با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده می‏توان اکالیپتوس را به‌عنوان یک گونه مقاوم به فلز سنگین سرب برای گیاه‌پالایی خاک‏‌های آلوده به سرب درنظر گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Osmoprotectants and physiological responses of three Eucalyptus species to toxic concentrations of lead

نویسندگان [English]

  • Anahita Shariat 1
  • Mohammad Hasan Assareh 2
  • Abbas Ghamari Zare 3
1 Ph.D. Plant Breeding, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of the serious problems across the world is heavy metal pollution in water bodies that caused by Lead (Pb). This study was designed to find out the effect of Pb toxicity on physiological and biochemical changes in three Eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., E. microtheca F. Muell and E. occidentalis Endl.).Seeds were grown in marble chips and irrigated with nutrient solution. The seedling (42 days old) were exposed to Pb(NO3)2 treatments (Pb:50, 100, 200 mM) for ten months. After this period, leaf, stem and root tissues were harvested. Lead content were determined by ICP-OES and some physiological and morphological characters were determined. The order of Pb accumulation in three species were E. occidentalis> E. camaldulensis> E. microtheca. The concentrations of lead in root tissue were higher than leaf and stem tissue and stem concentration was lower than the concentration of leaf (root Cu>leaf Cu>stem Cu). Tissue concentration increased as Pb increased in three species. The content of prolin, soluble sugar raised by increasing metal concentrations, but the content of pigments, relative water content and specific leaf area decreased. These results suggest that eucalypts have efficient mechanism to tolerate Pb toxicity, as evidenced by accumulating of osmoprotectants. Comparison of three Eucalyptus species revealed that E. occidentalis had the highest concentrations of Pb in the leaves and stems. Accumulation of Pb in the E. occidentalis leaves was 2.38 and 1.82 times more than E. microtheca and E.camaldulensis respectively. Although the least amount of stress tolerance index (0.76) was observed in E. occidentalis. In general, the results showed that Eucalypts could be considered as a tolerant species for hyperaccumulation of lead and phytoremediation of contaminated soil by lead.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Heavy metal toxicity
  • phytoremediation
  • pigments
  • prolin
  • Soluble sugar

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تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران
دوره 25، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 67
فروردین 1396
صفحه 148-137

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