بررسی فلور و شرایط رویشگاهی بیشه زار انجیر وحشی (Ficus johannis Boiss.) در کوهستان شیرکوه یزد

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جنگلداری، دانشگاه یزد

2 هیات علمی دانشگاه یزد

چکیده

در این پژوهش به­منظور بررسی فلور و شرایط رویشگاهی انجیر وحشی در کوهستان شیرکوه یزد، شرایط اقلیمی با استفاده از اطلاعات نزدیکترین ایستگاه­های هواشناسی و وضعیت خاک رویشگاه با برداشت نمونه­ها و آنالیز فیزیکی و شیمیایی آنها بررسی شدند. اقلیم منطقه خشک معتدل ارزیابی شد که متوسط بارش سالانه آن 177/7 میلی­متر و متوسط دمای سالانه 14/4 درجه سانتی­گراد است. نتایج بررسی خاک­شناسی نشان دادند که گونه انجیر وحشی در خاک­های غیر شور تا کمی شور و قلیایی با اسیدیته 7/7 تا 8/4 و بافت شنی - لومی رشد می­کند. ضمن انجام مطالعه فلورستیک، با انجام آماربرداری به روش خط نمونه، وضعیت کمی و کیفی جمعیت در دو زیرحوزه موردمطالعه، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در رویشگاه موردمطالعه تعداد 27 خانواده، 64 جنس و 73 گونه گیاهی حضور دارند. تیره­های Compositae با 22 درصد (16 گونه) و Labiatae با 14 درصد (10 گونه) به ترتیب بیشترین غنای گونه ­ای را در دو زیرحوزه موردبررسی داشتند. اشکال زیستی منطقه شامل کامفیت­ها 25 گونه (34%)، تروفیت­ها نه گونه (12%)، همی­کریپتوفیت­ها 27 گونه (40%)، میکروفانروفیت­ها و نانوفانروفیت­ها چهار گونه (5%)، ژئوفیت­ها پنج گونه (6%) و مزوفانروفیت­ها یک گونه (1%) بودند. از 73 گونه گیاهی موجود در منطقه 15 گونه گیاهی اندمیک ایران هستند. یافته­های میدانی نشان دادند که انجیر وحشی گونه­ای صخره­دوست و آب­دوست می­باشد و بیشتر در حاشیه دره­ها (به­دلیل رطوبت بیشتر) حضور پیدا می­کند. نتایج برآوردهای کمی نشان داد در زیرحوزه مزرعه قبله تراکم 46 پایه و درصد تاج­ پوشش 3/51 درصد و در زیرحوزه صادق­آباد تراکم 49 پایه و درصد تاج­ پوشش 7/76 درصد بود. بررسی مشخصه­های کیفی گونه انجیر وحشی نشان داد که وضعیت کلی این گونه در حد متوسط است. عارضه خشکی سرشاخه در اکثر پایه­های انجیر وحشی وجود داشت اما از نظر آسیب­دیدگی تنه اکثر پایه­های انجیر وحشی سالم بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation on flora and habitat conditions of wild Fig (Ficus johannis Boiss.) in Shirkuh Mountains, Yazd

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Karimi 1
  • Mohammad Hossein Iran-Nezhad Parizi 2
  • Asghar Mosleh Arani 2
  • Bahman Kiani 2
1 M.Sc. candidate of forestry, Yazd University, Yazd, I.R. Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, ‎I.R. Iran
چکیده [English]

In this survey, we investigated the flora and habitat conditions of wild Fig (Ficus johannis Boiss.) in a part of its natural habitat in Yazd province. To obtain climatic information, the required data were obtained from the closest climatologic stations. With average precipitation of 177.4 mm/year and the average annual temperature of 14.4 °C, the study area is a dry temperate region. Physiochemical analyses were conducted on previously-taken soil samples. Floristic investigation was conducted in two subdistricts (Sadegh-Abad and Mazrae-Ghebleh). Moreover, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of trees were recorded via transect sampling. Results of soil analysis indicated that F. johannis grows in the soils featuring a pH ranging between 7.74 and 8.39 with sand-silt texture. Results also showed that there were 27 families, 64 genera and 73 species in the study area. The family of Compositae with 22% (16 species) and Labiatae with 14% (10 species) presented the highest richness among all families. In terms of biological forms, the following composition was indicated: Chaemoephytes with 34% (25 species), Throphytes with 12% (7 species), Hemicryptophytes with 40% (27 species), Microphanerophytes and Nanophanerophytes with 5% (4 species), Geophytes with 6% (5 species) and Mezophanerophytes with 1 % (one species). Among the total 90 species, 15 species were found to be endemic to Iran.  F. johannis was evaluated as a hydrophyte species according to its frequent growth in valley margins which is due to higher moisture content. The transect sampling resulted in calculating the population density and cover in Mazrae-Ghebleh (46 ha-1 and 3.51 %.ha-1) as well as in Sadegh-Abad district (49 ha-1 and 7.76 %.ha-1), respectively. Overall qualitative features of trees were moderate. Partial withering of branches was observed in majority of trees but no damage was observed on stems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wild fig
  • Irano-Turanian
  • site conditions
  • life form
  • Shirkooh
  • Endemic species
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In this survey, we investigated the flora and habitat conditions of wild Fig (Ficus johannis Boiss.) in a part of its natural habitat in Yazd province. To obtain climatic information, the required data were obtained from the closestclimatologicstations. With average precipitation of 177.4 mm/year and the average annual temperature of 14.4 °C, the study area is a dry temperate region. Physiochemicalanalyses were conducted on previously-taken soil samples. Floristic investigation was conducted in two subdistricts (Sadegh-Abad and Mazrae-Ghebleh). Moreover, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of trees were recorded via transect sampling. Results of soil analysis indicated that F. johannis grows in the soils featuring a pH ranging between 7.74 and 8.39 with sand-silt texture. Results also showed that there were 27 families, 64 genera and 73 species in the study area. The family of Compositae with 22% (16 species) and Labiatae with 14% (10 species) presented the highest richness among all families. In terms of biological forms, the following composition was indicated: Chaemoephytes with 34% (25 species), Throphytes with 12% (7 species), Hemicryptophytes with 40% (27 species), Microphanerophytes and Nanophanerophytes with 5% (4 species), Geophytes with 6% (5 species) and Mezophanerophytes with 1 % (one species). Among the total 90 species, 15 species were found to be endemic to Iran.  F. johannis was evaluated as a hydrophyte species according to its frequent growth in valley margins which is due to higher moisture content. The transect sampling resulted in calculating the population density and cover in Mazrae-Ghebleh (46 ha-1 and 3.51 %.ha-1) as well as in Sadegh-Abad district (49 ha-1 and 7.76 %.ha-1), respectively. Overall qualitative features of trees were moderate. Partial withering of branches was observed in majority of trees but no damage was observed on stems.