تهیه نقشه خطر آتش‌سوزی جنگل با استفاده از تکنیک فرآیند تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی و روش نسبت فراوانی (پژوهش موردی: جنگل‌های سردشت، شمال‌غربی ایران)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی‌ارشد جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.‏

2 استادیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.‏

چکیده

در این پژوهش، نقشه نواحی با خطر زیاد آتش‌سوزی جنگل بر پایه عامل‌های ارتفاع از سطح دریا، شیب، جهت، متوسط بارندگی سالانه، متوسط حداکثر دمای ماهانه، کاربری و پوشش اراضی، فاصله از جاده، فاصله از رودخانه، فاصله از زمین‌های کشاورزی و تراکم جمعیت در جنگل‌های سردشت به وسعت 273/3 کیلومترمربع تهیه شد. در مرحله اول با انجام عملیات میدانی، نقشه مناطق آتش‌سوزی‌شده تهیه شد، سپس با استفاده از روش فرآیند تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی، وزن یا اهمیت نسبی هر یک عامل‌های مؤثر در وقوع آتش‌سوزی به‌دست آمد. برای محاسبه وزن طبقات هر یک از عامل‌های مذکور، از روش نسبت فراوانی استفاده شد. در مرحله بعد، براساس روش ترکیب وزنی نقشه‌های رقومی عامل‌های مؤثر در وقوع آتش‌سوزی، نقشه پهنه‌بندی خطر آتش‌سوزی تهیه شد. این نقشه براساس روش Jenks به پنج طبقه خطر آتش‌سوزی جنگل، شامل طبقه خطر خیلی کم تا خیلی زیاد طبقه‌بندی شد. اعتبارسنجی نقشه خطر نشان داد که 98/44 درصد از مناطق آتش‌گرفته مشاهداتی در طبقه‌های خطر زیاد و خیلی زیاد قرار داشتند که بیانگر صحت زیاد روش‌های مذکور در تهیه نقشه خطر می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Forest fire risk mapping using analytical hierarchy process technique and frequency ratio method (Case study: Sardasht Forests, NW Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Beygi Heidarlou 1
  • Abbas Banj Shafiei 2
  • Mehdi Erfanian 3
1 M. Sc. Forestry, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, ‎I.R. Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, ‎I.R. Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Department of Range and Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of ‎Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, I.R. Iran.‎
چکیده [English]

This research aimed at mapping the risk of wildfire based on a number of influential factors including Elevation, slope, aspect, average annual precipitation, average maximum monthly temperature, land use/land cover, distance from road, distance from river, distance from agricultural lands and population density. The study was conducted in a study site encompassing 273.3 km2 near Sardasht in northwest Iran. The burned areas were initially mapped by field visits. Then, using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, influence of each factor on occurrence of fire was compared pairwise and weights were assigned to them. The frequency ratio method was used to derive a weight for individual classes of each factor. This was followed by mapping fire risk zones based on weighted combination of digital maps of the influential factors. The zonation map was later divided in five risk classes (ranging from very high to very low) by Jenks method. Validation of the risk map indicated the 98.44 percent of the observed fires to be located in the mapped high risk zones. This represents the high accuracy of the applied technique for wildfire risk mapping across the study site.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • sardasht
  • Analytical Hierarchy Process
  • consistency ratio
  • Frequency Ratio
  • forest fire risk map

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