پایش تغییرات نمایه‌های ساختاری در توده‌های بلوط گلازنی‌شده (مطالعه موردی: جنگل کوچر در استان کردستان)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد جنگل‌‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشگاه کردستان و مرکز پژوهش و توسعه جنگل‌داری زاگرس شمالی دکتر هدایت غضنفری، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشگاه کردستان و مرکز پژوهش و توسعه جنگل‌داری زاگرس شمالی دکتر هدایت غضنفری، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

هدف از انجام این پژوهش، پایش تغییرات نمایه‌های ساختاری در یک جنگل بلوط گلازنی‌شده در شهرستان بانه از توابع استان کردستان است. 59 قطعه‌نمونه دایره‌ای‌شکل دائمی در سال‌های 1384 و 1398 برداشت شدند. در داخل قطعه‌نمونه‌ها، قطر برابرسینه درختان با اندازه پنج سانتی‌متر و بزرگ‌تر از آن اندازه‌گیری شد. پایه‌های چوبی دارای قطر کمتر از پنج سانتی‌متر به‌‌عنوان زادآوری به‌‌تفکیک گونه و فرم (شاخه‌زاد یا دانه‌زاد) در دو طبقه ارتفاعی کمتر و بیشتر از دو متر ثبت شدند. همچنین، ارتفاع کل و دو قطر کوچک و بزرگ تاج برای نزدیک‌ترین درخت به مرکز قطعه‌نمونه و قطور‌ترین درخت داخل هر قطعه‌نمونه اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف بین الگوی توزیع درختان در طبقه‌های قطر برابرسینه در ابتدا و انتهای دوره مورد بررسی معنی‌دار بود  (01/0p<)، اما اختلاف معنی‌داری ازنظر الگوی توزیع درختان در طبقه‌های ارتفاع کل و سطح تاج مشاهده نشد. میانگین رویش سالانه قطری، ارتفاعی و سطح تاج درختان بلوط (بدون در نظر گرفتن گونه) به‌ترتیب 41/2 میلی‌متر، 59/12 سانتی‌متر و 73/0 متر مربع به‌‌دست آمد. مقایسه منحنی‌های پراکنش قطری فعلی و مورد انتظار نشان داد که تراکم درختان در طبقه‌های قطری کوچک‌تر از 5/12 سانتی‌متر، کمتر از تعداد مورد انتظار است که بر ضعف زادآوری دلالت دارد. استفاده از قطعه‌‌نمونه‌های دائمی، روش مناسبی برای بررسی تغییرات نمایه‌های ساختاری در درختان بلوط گلازنی‌شده است. این قطعه‌نمونه‌ها برای آشکارسازی پیامدهای گلازنی به‌عنوان یک سیستم جنگل‌‌چرایی سنتی و اتخاذ تصمیم‌های‌ مدیریتی مناسب با هدف بهبود شرایط این جنگل‌ها می‌توانند استفاده شوند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Monitoring changes in the structural characteristics of pollarded oak stands (Case study: Kocher forest in Kurdistan province, Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • N. Moradi 1
  • L. Ghahramany 2
  • A. Valipour 3
1 M.Sc. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Corresponding author, Associate Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan and Dr. Hedayat Ghazanfari Center of Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
3 Corresponding author, Associate Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan and Dr. Hedayat Ghazanfari Center of Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Iran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to monitor changes in the structural characteristics of a pollarded oak forest in Baneh county of Kurdistan province, Iran. Fifty-nine permanent sample plots were recovered for 14 years (2005-2019). In each plot, the diameter at breast height (dbh) for all trees (dbh ≥ 5 cm) was measured. Woody species less than 5 cm in dbh were recorded as regeneration in two height classes less than and greater than 2 meters by species and form (coppice and seedling). Total height and crown area for two trees in each sample plot (i.e., the nearest tree to the center of the plot and the largest tree in terms of dbh in the plot) were measured. The results showed that the difference between the beginning and the end of the studied period was significant in terms of the distribution pattern of trees in diameter classes (p<0.01); while there was no significant difference in the distribution pattern of trees in the total height and canopy area classes. The average annual increment of diameter, height and crown area in oak trees (excluding species) was 2.41 mm, 12.59 cm and 0.73 m2, respectively. A comparison of the current diameter distribution curve with the expected diameter distribution showed that the number of trees in diameter classes lower than 12.5 cm was less than the expected value, indicating poor regeneration. In order to reveal the consequences of pollarding as a traditional silvopastoral system and to make appropriate management decisions in order to improve the condition of pollarded oak forests, the use of permanent sample plots is suggested as a suitable method for studying the changes in structural indices of these forests.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Baneh
  • permanent sample plot
  • pollarding
  • structure
  • Zagros

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