ارزیابی مقدار گال برگی بلوط (.Quercus brantii Lindl) در توده‌‌های جنگلی سالم و دچار زوال در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار، بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها، مراتع و آبخیزداری، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یاسوج، ایران

2 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران

3 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

درختان بلوط (.Quercus sp) میزبان حشره‌ها و آفات مختلف تولیدکننده انواع گال هستند، اما اطلاعات اولیه و اساسی درمورد مقدار گال برگی آن‌ها، محدود و ناچیز است. پژوهش پیش‌‌رو با هدف مقایسه مقدار گال برگی بلوط ایرانی (.Q. brantii Lindl) بین جهت‌‌های مختلف تاج درختان، فرم‌‌های رویشی (دانه‌‌زاد و شاخه‌‌زاد) و ‌‌دامنه‌های متفاوت جغرافیایی در توده‌‌های سالم و دچار زوال در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد انجام شد. پس از جنگل‌گردشی در رویشگاه‌‌های شهرستان‌‌های بویراحمد و دنا، دو قطعه‌نمونه یک هکتاری با آثار زوال (خشکیدگی) و دو قطعه‌نمونه بدون آثار زوال (شاهد) در دامنه‌‌های شمالی و جنوبی انتخاب شدند. ضمن اندازه‌گیری متغیرهای کمی پایه‌های بلوط ایرانی (قطر برابرسینه، قطر جست‌‌گروه، ارتفاع و سطح تاج) 20 برگ از هر جهت جغرافیایی تاج درخت برداشت شد. در آزمایشگاه، گال‌‌ها از روی برگ‌های نمونه جداسازی و وزن شدند. براساس نتایج به‌‌دست‌آمده از مقایسه میانگین، هرچند جهت شمال تاج درختان در اغلب رویشگاه‌‌ها، مقدار گال بیشتری داشت، اما ازاین‌نظر بین جهت‌‌های مختلف تاج یک درخت در هر دو فرم رویشی، اختلاف معنی‌‌داری ‌‌مشاهده نشد. در هر دو فرم رویشی، میانگین مجموع وزن گال برگ‌های نمونه در رویشگاه زوال دامنه جنوبی به‌طور معنی‌‌داری بیشتر از رویشگاه‌‌های دیگر بود. همچنین، مقدار گال برگ در درختان دانه‌‌زاد به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از پایه‌های شاخه‌زاد به‌دست آمد. به‌‌نظر می‌‌رسد که عوامل اقلیمی و توپوگرافی مانند ارتفاع از سطح دریا و میانگین دمای ماهانه، نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای در گسترش گال برگی بلوط ایرانی دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of oak leaf gall in healthy and declined forest oak (Quercus brantii lindl.) stands of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Y. Askari 1
  • H. Jahanbazi 2
  • Mehdi Pourhashemi 3
1 Corresponding author, Assistant Prof., Research Division of Forests, Rangelands and Watershed Management, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yasouj, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Oak trees are hosts of diverse gall-inducing parasites, but the information about the leaf gall is poorly understood. This study aims to examine the weight of leaf galls on oak trees (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in different crown directions with different growth forms (high-forest and coppice) on different geographical slopes in healthy and dry stands of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. For this purpose, two sample plots with a one-ha area involving decline traces of trees (dry) and two sample plots without dieback (control) on the northern and southern slopes in forest sites of Boyer-Ahmad and Dena counties of Iran were selected by field survey. After recording the quantitative variables (DBH, mean diameter of sprout-clump, height and canopy cover), we collected 20 leaves from each direction of the crown of each tree sampled. In the laboratory, the galls were removed from the leaves and weighed. The results showed that there was no statistical significance between the different crown directions of the sample trees in both growth forms, although, in most sites, the northern direction of the trees had more galls. Leaf samples from the south decline site were found to have significantly more gall weight than samples from the other sites in both growth forms. Also, high-forest trees had significantly more leaf galls on their leaves than the coppice trees did. Monthly average temperature and altitude seem to be two determining factors in leaf gall development of the oak trees.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aspect
  • crown cover
  • elevation
  • growth form

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