اثر آتش‌سوزی بر کیفیت رواناب در حوضه‌های آبخیز جنگلی (مطالعه موردی: جنگل آموزشی خیرود)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، دانش‌‌آموخته دکتری مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 استاد گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 استاد، گروه احیا مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

5 استادیار، گروه جنگل‌‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی نور، دانشگاه تربیت ‌‌مدرس، نور، ایران

چکیده

آتش‌‌سوزی جنگل می‌‌تواند اثرات بسیاری بر کیفیت آب به‌‌ویژه در حوضه‌های تأمین‌کننده آب آشامیدنی داشته باشد. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر آتش‌‌سوزی تجویزی با شدت‌های کم، متوسط و زیاد بر کیفیت رواناب در جنگل آموزشی و پژوهشی خیرود، 12 قطعه‌‌نمونه‌‌ استقرار یافت. در اولین رخداد بارش پس از آتش‌‌سوزی و نیز شش و 12 ماه پس‌ازآن، نمونه‌‌های رواناب جمع‌‌آوری و به آزمایشگاه منتقل شدند. مشخصه‌‌های کیفی رواناب مورد بررسی شامل pH، هدایت الکتریکی (EC)، کل مواد جامد معلق (TSS)، کل مواد جامد محلول (TDS) و سختی کل (TH) بودند. براساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، همه مشخصه‌‌های مذکور پس از آتش‌‌سوزی نسبت به شاهد، افزایش نشان دادند، اما اختلاف بین آن‌ها معنی‌‌دار نبود. بیشترین مقدار این مشخصه‌‌ها در آتش‌‌سوزی با شدت زیاد مشاهده شد، اما با گذشت زمان از آتش‌‌سوزی، آن‌ها روند کاهشی داشتند. فاصله از زمان وقوع آتش‌‌سوزی فقط بر TSS و TH، اثر معنی‌‌دار داشت. TSS و pH به‌ترتیب پس از شش ماه و یک سال در شدت‌‌های آتش‌‌سوزی کم و متوسط به‌مقدار شاهد رسیدند. TDS بلافاصله در اولین رخداد بارش در قطعه‌نمونه‌های شاهد و تیمارهای آتش‌سوزی با شدت‌‌های کم، متوسط و زیاد به‌‌ترتیب 22، 46، 53 و 78 میلی‌‌گرم در لیتر به‌دست آمد. مقدار این مشخصه در تیمارهای مذکور پس از گذشت یک سال از آتش‌سوزی به‌‌ترتیب به 25، 36، 41 و 44 میلی‌‌گرم در لیتر رسید. به‌طورکلی، آتش‌‌سوزی سبب تغییر در مقدار مشخصه‌‌های کیفی رواناب، هدررفت عناصر و افت حاصلخیزی خاک می‌‌شود. به‌‌منظور کاهش تخریب خاک، اقدامات مدیریتی خاک جنگل پس از آتش‌سوزی ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of fire on runoff quality in forest watersheds (Case study: Kheyrud educational and research forest)

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Samdaliri 1
  • M. Jourgholami 2
  • A. Salajegheh 3
  • Ehsan Abdi 4
  • Y. Kooch 5
1 Corresponding author, Ph.D. Graduated of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Prof., Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
5 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
چکیده [English]

    Forest fires can have a significant impact on water quality, especially in basins that provide drinking water. To investigate the effects of low, medium and high intensities of prescribed fire on runoff quality, 12 runoff plots were established in Kheyrud educational and research forest, north of Iran. In the first rainfall event after fire, six and 12 months after the fire, runoff samples were collected and transferred to the laboratory. Qualitative characteristics of the runoff were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total soluble solids (TDS) and total hardness (TH). The results showed that all the quality characteristics of the runoff after the fire increased compared to the control plots, but the differences among them were not significant. Most of these characteristics were in the high fire intensity, but as time passed after the fire, they had had a declining trend. The time elapsed after the fire had a significant effect only on TSS and TH. TSS values after six months and pH values after one year at low and medium fire intensities reached the level of control plots. TDS values immediately in the first event of precipitation in control, low, medium and high intensities were 22, 46, 53 and 78 mg/l, respectively. After one year, the values were 25, 36, 41 and 44 mg, respectively. Fire causes changes in the quality characteristics of runoff, element loss and reduced soil fertility. In order to reduce soil degradation, forest soil management measures after fire are necessary.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Element loss
  • fire intensity
  • precipitation
  • total soluble material
  • total suspended matter

مراجع

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