توان گونه‌‌های جنگلی بلوط (.Quercus spp) و پسته وحشی (.Pistacia atlantica Desf) در جذب ذرات ریزگرد

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، پژوهشگر پسادکتری، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، مرکز پژوهش و توسعه جنگلداری زاگرس شمالی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

طوفان‌‌های گردوغبار، منبع عمده ذرات جامد در جهان هستند که تأثیر قابل‌توجهی بر آلودگی هوا، سلامت انسان و محیط‌زیست دارند. برگ‌های گیاهان نه‌تنها با جذب ذرات معلق موجود در هوا، کیفیت آن را بهبود می‌دهند، بلکه تحت تأثیر انباشت ذرات ریزگرد روی خود نیز هستند. هدف از پژوهش پیش‌رو، ارزیابی مقدار جذب ریزگردها توسط برگ گونه‌‌های‌‌ غالب درختی شامل بلوط ایرانی (Quercus Brantii Lindl.)، وی‌‌ول (Q. libani Oliv.)، مازودار (Q. infectoria Oliv.) و پسته وحشی (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) در جنگل‌های زاگرس شمالی بود. به‌این‌منظور با استفاده از یک شبکه آماربرداری منظم تصادفی در جنگل‌های شهرستان مریوان در استان کردستان از خاک منطقه، برگ درختان و ریزگرد رسوب‌یافته روی آن‌ها نمونه‌برداری شد. فراساختار برگ گونه‌‌های مذکور توسط میکروسکوپ الکترونی بررسی شد. عناصر موجود در خاک منطقه و ریزگرد رسوب‌یافته روی برگ درختان به‌تفکیک گونه‌های مورد مطالعه با استفاده از سیستم EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) و دستگاه جذب اتمی ارزیابی شدند. درنهایت، توان هر هکتار جنگل در جذب ریزگرد برآورد شد. نتایج نشان داد که ساختار ریخت‌شناختی برگ‌های هر سه گونه بلوط و نیز پسته وحشی به‌طور کامل با یکدیگر متفاوت هستند. این تفاوت‌‌ها، نقش متمایزی در رسوب ریزگرد روی برگ درختان ایفا می‌‌کنند. بیشترین مقدار جذب ریزگرد توسط برگ در بلوط ایرانی (012/0 گرم در هر برگ) و سپس، در مازودار (006/0 گرم در هر برگ) و وی‌‌ول (005/0 گرم در هر برگ) مشاهده شد، درحالی‌که کمترین مقدار این متغیر مربوط به پسته وحشی (0015/0 گرم در هر برگ) بود. مقدار ریزگرد رسوبی در یک هکتار از جنگل‌های مورد مطالعه با موجودی خوب (400 اصله در هکتار) 7/87 کیلوگرم برآورد شد. نتایج آزمایش EDS نشان داد که عناصر رادیواکتیو، سنگین، سمی و خطرناک در نمونه‌‌های خاک وجود نداشتند. یافته‌های این پژوهش بیانگر نقش خوب درختان جنگلی در پالایش هوای آلوده از ریزگرد و نیز توان متفاوت گونه‌‌های مورد مطالعه برای جذب آن هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The potential of oak (Quercus sp.) and wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) forest species to deposit microdust particles

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Moradi 1
  • K. Taheri Abkenar 2
  • N. Shabanian 3
  • M. Afshar Mohammadian 4
1 Corresponding author, Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan
3 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry, The Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
4 Associate Prof., Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

    Dust storms are a major source of solid particles in the world that significantly impact air pollution and human and environmental health. Generally, trees and plants not only improve air quality by absorbing airborne particles on the surface of their leaves, but also they are affected by the accumulation of fine particles on their leaf surfaces. In this study, the uptake of fine dust by some dominant forest species of the Zagros region (Quercus Brantii Lindl., Q. libani Oliv., Q. infectoria Oliv. and Pistacia atlantica Desf.) was evaluated in the North Zagros Forests of Iran. For this purpose, soil, leaves and microdust on tree leaves were sampled by using a random systematic sampling network in the forests of Marivan County, Kurdistan province. The leaf ultrastructure of these species was examined by electron microscopy (SEM). Elements in the soil of the area and microdust deposited on the leaves of the trees were evaluated using the EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) system and atomic absorption spectrometry. Finally, the ability of each hectare of forest to absorb fine dust was derived. Results showed that the leaves of all three oak species as well as wild pistachio are structurally different, which plays a distinct role in the deposition of microdust on tree leaves. The highest amount of microdust uptake by leaves was observed for Q. Brantii (0.012 g per leaf), followed by Q. infectoria (0.006 g per leaf) and Q. libani (0.005 g per leaf). In contrast, the lowest amount was observed for P. atlantica (0.0015 g per leaf). Based on the results, the amount of deposited dust in one hectare of forest in the study area with appropriate coverage (400 units per hectare) was estimated at 87.7 kg. The results of EDS test showed that the tested soil samples did not contain radioactive elements as well as heavy, toxic and dangerous elements. The results of the current study indicate the notable role of forest trees in the purification of air polluted by microdust as well as the the difference between species in their ability to absorb microdust.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dust storm
  • forest trees
  • particle absorption
  • Zagros Forests

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