ویژگی‌های خاک و عناصر غذایی برگ در درختان سالم و خشکیده بلوط ایرانی (.Quercus brantii Lindl)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

2 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

4 کارشناس تحقیقات، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

امروزه خشکیدگی درختان بلوط در جنگل‌‌های زاگرس به یک بحران جدی تبدیل شده است. به‌منظور ارائه راهکارهای علمی و عملی برای کنترل این بحران باید پژوهش‌‌های متمرکز انجام شوند. هدف از پژوهش پیش‌‌رو، بررسی شرایط کیفی خاک و عناصر غذایی برگ در توده‌‌های متأثر از زوال و مقایسه آن‌ها با توده‌های سالم در منطقه کوهمره‌سرخی در شیراز است. پس از جمع‌‌آوری نمونه‌‌های خاک از زیر تاج درختان سالم و خشکیده بلوط ایرانی (.Quercus brantii Lindl)، ویژگی‌‌های آن‌ها شامل رطوبت، pH، هدایت ‌‌الکتریکی، کربن آلی، نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، گچ، کربنات‌کلسیم و کلسیم و منیزیم محلول اندازه‌گیری شد. از هر درخت مورد مطالعه نیز نمونه‌‌های برگ جمع‌‌آوری شد و غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم آن‌ها اندازه‌‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که نمونه‌های خاک در توده‌های سالم و متأثر از زوال ازنظر رطوبت خاک، هدایت ‌‌الکتریکی، گچ، آهک، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم با یکدیگر اختلاف معنی‌داری داشتند. گچ و آهک کمتری در خاک توده‌‌های سالم مشاهده شد، اما مقدار رطوبت، هدایت ‌‌الکتریکی، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم در این توده‌‌ها، بیشتر از توده‌‌های متأثر از زوال بود. تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل عناصر برگ درختان نشان داد که درختان خشکیده ازنظر فسفر، فقیر بودند، درحالی‌که مقدار نیتروژن و پتاسیم آن‌ها نسبت به درختان سالم، اختلاف معنی‌‌داری نداشت. به‌نظر می‌‌رسد که کمبود عناصر غذایی مانند فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم در خاک درختان خشکیده و فقر فسفر در برگ آن‌ها، نقش مهم و کلیدی در زوال بلوط داشته باشند، چراکه بیشترین تغییرات مربوط به این عناصر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Soil characteristics and leaf nutrients of healthy and declined Brant`s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Zarafshar 1
  • M. Matinizadeh 2
  • M.R. Negahdarsaber 3
  • M. Pourhashemi 2
  • S.K. Bordbar 3
  • M.R. Ziaeian 4
1 Corresponding author, Assistant Prof., Research Division of Natural Resources, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Research Division of Natural Resources, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
4 Expert, Research Division of Soil and Water, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, the oak decline phenom in the Zagros region of Iran has converted into a serious crisis that needs more attention and research to provide forest managers with solutions. The aim of the study was to understand the soil quality and leaf nutrients of declined oak stands (Quercus btantii) in the Kohmareh Sorkhi region. To do so, soil samples were taken from the under of the healthy and declined trees’ crowns and then soil characteristics including moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, gypsum, calcium carbonate, calcium, and magnesium contents were measured and compared. Morover, NPK content was measured on taken leaves from each trees. The results indicated that soil moisture, EC, gypsum, lime, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents had significant differences. Although gypsum and lime contents were higher in the declined stands compared to the healthy ones, moisture content, EC, P, K, total Ca, and Mg content were higher in the healthy stands. The leaf nutrient statistical analysis demonstrated that the dieback individuals suffer phosphorus shortage, but N and K content were the same as the healthy ones. Given that some shortages were observed in the nutrient elements such as P, K, Ca, and Mg in soils under the crown of declined trees and P in their leaves, it seems that the nutrient shortage has an important role in the oak decline since the greatest shifts were recorded for which.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gypsum
  • lime
  • nutrient shortage
  • oak decline
  • phosphorus
  • Zagros forests

مراجع

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