تنوع گونه‌ای، شکل زیستی و کوروتیپ گونه‌های گیاهی در آرامگاه‌های جنگلی و توده‌های گلازنی‌شده زاگرس شمالی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، پژوهشگر، گروه تعاملات اکولوژیک- اجتماعی در بوم‌سازگان‌های کشاورزی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی ارگانیک، دانشگاه کاسل، ویتسن‌هاوزن، آلمان

2 استادیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان و مرکز پژوهش و توسعه جنگل‌داری زاگرس شمالی، بانه، ایران

3 مربی، بخش تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران

4 کارشناسی ارشد علوم و مهندسی جنگل، مؤسسه گردشگری گشتیار، مریوان، ایران

5 کارشناسی ارشد علوم و مهندسی جنگل، اداره جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان بانه، بانه، ایران

چکیده

 حفاظت از تنوع ‌زیستی در بوم‌سازگان‌های طبیعی و مناطقی که وابستگی مردم به جنگل زیاد است، یکی از چالش‌های مهم در مدیریت منابع طبیعی محسوب می‌شود. اولین‌گام برای برنامه‌ریزی حفاظتی موفق، دسترسی به اطلاعات پایه از وضعیت‌های بالقوه و بالفعل تنوع زیستی پوشش گیاهی و عوامل مؤثر بر آن است. در پژوهش پیش‌رو، وضعیت تنوع گونه‌ای، شکل زیستی و کوروتیپ (نوع خاستگاه جغرافیایی) در گونه‌های گیاهی و ارتباط آن‌ها با متغیرهای محیطی در جنگل‌های شهرستان بانه بررسی شد. به‌این‌منظور، 32 قطعه‌نمونه در آرامگاه‌های جنگلی زاگرس شمالی به‌عنوان توده‌های کمتردست‌خورده و 90 قطعه‌نمونه در توده‌های گلازنی‌شده مجاور آن‌ها که به‌طور پیوسته تحت چرای دام و سرشاخه‌زنی قرار دارند، برداشت شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین تنوع گونه‌ای، ترکیب شکل زیستی و کوروتیپ این توده‌ها، اختلاف معنی‌دار وجود دارد. از 254 گونه شناسایی‌شده در این پژوهش، 95 گونه بین هر دو رویشگاه مشترک بودند. 114 گونه فقط در آرامگاه‌ها حضور داشتند که اغلب آن‌ها با شکل زیستی فانروفیت، همی‌کریپتوفیت یا کریپتوفیت از خاستگاه جغرافیایی ایران- تورانی، مدیترانه‌ای یا اروپا- سیبری بودند. ازسوی دیگر، گونه‌های موجود در توده‌های گلازنی‌شده اغلب با شکل زیستی تروفیت و کامفیت به خاستگاه جغرافیایی ایران- تورانی، مدیترانه‌ای یا صحارا- سندی تعلق داشتند. آرامگاه‌های جنگلی به‌عنوان شبکه‌ای از توده‌های کمتردست‌خورده با درصد تاج‌پوشش و لاش‌برگ بیشتر و عدم وجود تخریب و چرای دام، شرایط بوم‌شناختی مناسب‌تری برای حضور گونه‌های ارزشمند فراهم می‌کنند. این آرامگاه‌ها به‌دلیل پذیرش اجتماعی بین مردم محلی می‌توانند نقش مهمی در حفاظت از تنوع زیستی در زاگرس شمالی داشته باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Species diversity, life form, and chorotypes of plant species in sacred groves and surrounding silvopastoral woodlands of Northern Zagros, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Shakeri 1
  • K. Mohammadi-Samani 2
  • H. Maarofi 3
  • S. Khoonsiavashan 4
  • K. Sharifi 5
1 Corresponding author, Researcher, Section of Social-Ecological Interactions in Agricultural Systems, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan and the Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, Baneh, Iran
3 Research Expert, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Sanandaj, Iran
4 MSc in forest science, Gashtiar Tourism Institute, Marivan, Iran
5 MSc in forest science, Baneh Agriculture Jahad Office, Baneh, Iran
چکیده [English]

    Biodiversity conservation is one of the most important challenges in forest ecosystems, especially where the local people's livelihood is highly dependant on that resources. Obtaining information on the potential and present condition of vegetation diversity is an important step to conduct successful conservation plans. In this study, we sampled 32 plots in sacred groves with no grazing or disturbance evidence and 90 plots in surrounding silvopastoral woodlands with a continuous grazing and pollarding history. We compared species diversity, life form, and chorotype of vegetation composition between these two stands and we determined the most important environmental gradients affecting this composition. The result indicates that sacred groves have significantly different species diversity, life forms, and chorology compositions than their surrounding woodlands. Out of 254 species identified in this study, 95 species are shared between both sites; 114 species are uniquely found in sacred groves that most of which have phanerophyte, hemicryptophyte, or cryptophyte life forms, and Irano-Turanian, Meditteranean, or Euro-Siberian Chorotypes. Surrounding silvopastoral woodlands contain 45 unique species as well as therophyte and chameophyte as the major life forms and Irano-Turanian, Meditteranean, or Saharo-Sindian chorotypes. Sacred groves as a network of less-disturbed stands, with higher canopy and litter cover without grazing and pollarding provide a better ecological condition for a variety of valuable plant species and considering their traditional protection by local people they play an important role in conserving biodiversity in northern Zagros.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biodiversity
  • chorology
  • livestock grazing
  • multi-variate analysis
  • oak woodlands
  • traditional exploitation

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