مهم‌‌ترین عوامل و راهبرد‌‌های مدیریت پایدار جنگل‌‌های هیرکانی با استفاده از فرایند تحلیل شبکه‌ای (مطالعه موردی: جنگل‌های سیاهکل)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‌‌سرا، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‌‌سرا، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه اقتصاد جنگل‌داری و برنامه‌‌ریزی جنگل، دانشگاه فرایبورگ، فرایبورگ، آلمان

چکیده

برای مدیریت جنگل‌‌های هیرکانی لازم است که مهم‌ترین راهبرد‌‌های مبتنی ‌بر عوامل درونی و بیرونی مؤثر شناسایی شوند و در برنامه‌‌ریزی طرح‌‌های جایگزین استفاده شوند. در پژوهش پیش‌‌رو، مهم‌‌ترین عوامل و راهبرد‌‌های‌ مدیریت پایدار جنگل‌‌های سیاهکل در استان گیلان بررسی شد. برای انجام این پژوهش، مجموعه‌ای از عوامل قوت، ضعف، فرصت و تهدید مؤثر توسط گروه دلفی متشکل از 15 نفر از خبرگان جنگل‌داری و محلی با استفاده از مقیاس لیکرت پنج درجه اهمیت‌سنجی شدند و پس از فازی‌‌زدایی با استفاده از روش SWOT تحلیل شدند. سپس براساس شبکه تعریف‌شده، پرسش‌نامه مقایسه‌های زوجی توسط یک گروه 15 نفره از خبرگان جنگل‌داری مورد قضاوت قرار گرفت و اطلاعات با استفاده از فرایند تحلیل شبکه‌‌ای پردازش شدند. نتایج نشان داد که جنگل‌‌ها بیشتر تحت تأثیر محیط بیرونی هستند. باقی ‌‌ماندن تعداد بیشتر عوامل ضعف و تهدید پس از غربالگری نشان‌‌دهنده نگرانی عمومی نسبت به اداره جنگل است. نتایج نهایی فرایند تحلیل شبکه‌‌ای نشان داد که از بین چهار گروه راهبردی SWOT، راهبرد‌‌های تنوعی رقابتی (ST) و بازنگری (WO) در رتبه‌های اول و دوم اهمیت قرار داشتند. از بین 19 عامل SWOT منتخب نیز پنج عامل شامل دامداری سنتی در جنگل (T1)، ظرفیت­های اکوتوریسم حوزه آبخیز (O2)، جاذبه­های گردشگری در جنگل در صورت مدیریت اصولی (S2)، گازرسانی به روستاهای متصل به جنگل (O3) و طرح‌‌های جنگل‌داری (S5)، رتبه‌های اول تا پنجم را به‌خود اختصاص دادند. انتخاب دو گروه راهبردی حدواسط (ST و WO) و پنج عامل برتر در فرایند تحلیل شبکه‌‌ای به‌عنوان تصمیم‌های استوار و امیدوارکننده‌‌تر در مدیریت پایدار جنگل‌های هیرکانی (جنگل‌داری آینده) قابل ‌توصیه هستند که می‌توانند در طرح‌‌های جنگل‌داری جایگزین استفاده شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The most important SWOT factors and strategies of sustainable forest management for the Hyrcanian forests using Analytic Network Process (Case study: Siahkal forests)

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Omidi 1
  • I. Hassanzad navroodi 2
  • R. Yousefpour 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
2 Corresponding author, Associate Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, University of Freiburg Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
چکیده [English]

To manage Hyrcanian forests, it is necessary to identify the most important strategies based on effective internal and external factors and use them in alternative planning. Here, the most important factors and strategies for sustainable management of Siahkal forests in Guilan province were investigated. Therefore, a set of effective strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were assessed by the Delphi group consisting of 15 forestry and local experts using the 5-point Likert scale, and were analyzed following de-fuzzyfication using the SWOT method. Then, the pairwise comparison questionnaire was judged based on the defined network by a group of 15 forestry experts, and the information was processed using an analysis network process. The results showed that forests were more affected by the external environment. Remaining further weaknesses and threats after screening showed public concerns about forest management. The final results of the network analysis process showed that competitive diversity strategies (ST) and conservative review (WO) were ranked first and second ranks among the four SWOT strategic groups. Among the 19 selected SWOT factors, factors including traditional livestock in the forest (T1), watershed ecotourism capacities (O2), forest tourist attractions if properly managed (S2), and gas supply to the villages connected to the forest (O3) and forestry projects (S5) ranked first to fifth. The selection of two intermediate strategic groups (ST and WO) and the top five factors in the network analysis process can be recommended as more robust and promising decisions in the sustainable management of Hyrcanian forests (future forestry), which can be applied in alternative forestry plans.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alternative plan
  • Delphi
  • experts
  • pairwise comparison questionnaire
  • sustainable forest management
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