بررسی اثر حاشیه‌ای بر ترکیب و پراکنش گیاهان در جنگل‌های بلوط (پژوهش موردی: جنگل‌های چهارزبر کرمانشاه)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 کارشناسی ارشد جنگلداری، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 پژوهشگر، مرکز تحقیقات استان کرمانشاه

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش ارزیابی اثر حاشیه‌ای ناشی از قطعه‌قطعه‌شدن جنگل بر ترکیب و پراکنش گونه‌های گیاهی در جنگل‌های بلوط کرمانشاه بود. سه قطعه جنگلی با جهت جنوبی از جنگل‌های بلوط با شرایط مشابه از نظر شیب و ارتفاع از سطح دریا انتخاب و در هر قطعه در فاصله‌های صفر، 25، 50 ،100 و150 متری بااستفاده از سه ترانسکت که در فاصله‌های 200 متری از هم قرار گرفتند (درمجموع 45 نقطه) اقدام به نمونه‌برداری از پوشش گیاهی شد. برای گروه‌بندی و بررسی روند تغییرات پوشش گیاهی در قطعات مختلف، از روش‌های آنالیز خوشه‌ای و آنالیز تطبیقی قوس‌گیری‌شده و برای تعیین گونه‌های شاخص هر گروه از تجزیه‌وتحلیل گونه‌های معرف به‌همراه آزمون مونت‌کارلو استفاده شد. نتایج فلوریستیک نشان داد که در منطقه موردمطالعه 115 تاکسون گیاهی متعلق به 91 جنس و 25 تیره وجود دارد. سه گروه شامل گروه قطعات‌نمونه حاشیه جنگل (صفر و 25 متری)، گروه قطعات‌نمونه میانی (50 متری) و گروه قطعات‌نمونه عمق جنگل (100 و 150 متری) تفکیک شد. گونه‌های شاخص گروه حاشیه Alopecurus myosuroides, Alyssum menicoides, Euphorbia cheiradenia, Gundelia tournefortii, Lactucaserriola, Silene conoidea, Tragopogon longirostris,Verbascum pseudo-digitalis وTrifoliumrepens، گونه‌های شاخص گروه میانه‌ Aegilops umbellulata, Bunium paucifolium,Erodium cicutarium, Eremopoa persica, Lens orientalis,Trigonellamonantha, Vulpia myuros و گونه‌های شاخص گروه عمق جنگلBoissiera squarrosa, Callipeltis cucularia, Chardiniaorientalis, Crupina crupinastrum,Pterocephalus plumosus, Scandix pecien-veneris,Stipa barbata بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Influence of edge effect on plant composition and distribution in oak forests (Case study: Cheharzebar forests-Kermanshah)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Eshaghi Rad 1
  • Fuzieh Soleimani 2
  • Yahya Khodakarami 3
1 Associate Prof., Department of Foresty, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, I.R. Iran
2 M. Sc. Forestry, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, I.R. Iran.
3 Senior Expert, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kermanshah Province, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran.
چکیده [English]

This research aimed at evaluating the influence of the edge effect caused by forest fragmentation on the composition and distribution of plant species in an oak forest of Kermanshah province. Three forest patches with similar slope and altitude located on the southern slopes were selected. Vegetation sampling in each patch was conducted at 0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 meter distances along three transects which were 200 m apart (N= 45). Cluster analysis and detrended correspondence analysis were applied to categorize the vegetation variation trend in the different patches. To detect the characteristic species in each category, Monte Carlo test were applied. The floristic results indicated 115 plant species within this area which belong to 91genera and 25 families. Three categories were recognized, including i) the forest edge samples group (0 and 25 m), ii) the intermediate samples group (50 m) and iii) the deep forest samples group (100 and 150 m). The characteristic species of the edge group were Alopecurus myosuroides, Alyssum menicoides, Euphorbia cheiradenia, Gundelia tournefortii, Lactuca serriola, Silene conoidea, Tragopogon longirostris, Trifolium repens, Verbascum pseudo-digitalis. The characteristic species of the intermediate group included Aegilops umbellulata, Bunium paucifolium, Erodium cicutarium, Eremopoa persica, Lens orientalis,Trigonella monantha , Vulpia myuros , whereas those of the deep forest group were Boissiera squarrosa, Callipeltis cucularia, Chardinia orientalis, Crupina crupinastrum, Pterocephalus plumosus, Scandix pecten-veneris, Stipa barbata.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • TRANSECT
  • species composition
  • forest edge
  • forest patches
  • fragmentation

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