برآورد ظرفیت نگهداری آب تاج‌پوشش و ضریب تاج‌بارش مستقیم تک‌درختان سرو نقره‌ای (پژوهش موردی: پارک جنگلی چیتگر تهران)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جنگلداری، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشیار، دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار، دانشگاه تامپسون ریورز کانادا

4 استادیار، دانشگاه آزاد کرج

چکیده

پژوهش پیش‌رو با هدف برآورد میزان ظرفیت نگهداری تاج‌پوشش (S) و نرخ تبخیر به شدت باران در زمان بارندگی () با استفاده از روش Pereira و نیز ضریب تاج‌بارش مستقیم (p) در تک‌درختان سرو نقره‌ای (Cupressus arizonica Green.) واقع در پارک چیتگر تهران با اقلیم نیمه‌خشک، طی یک سال (بهمن‌ماه 1390 تا بهمن‌ماه 1391) انجام شد. میزان بارندگی در هر رخداد توسط شش باران‌سنج و تاج‌بارش توسط 20 باران‌سنج اندازه‌گیری شد. باران‌ربایی از تفاوت تاج‌بارش و باران در هر رخداد باران به‌دست آمد. درمجموع 55 رخداد باران با عمق تجمعی 234 میلی‌متر ثبت و درصدهای تجمعی و نسبی باران‌ربایی به‌ترتیب 21/8 درصد و 32/1 درصد برآورد شدند. بین باران‌ربایی و باران،همبستگی توانی مثبت و معنی‌داری (r=0/89 ) و بین درصد نسبی باران‌ربایی و باران برای میانگین پنج تک‌درخت سرو نقره‌ای همبستگی توانی منفی و معنی‌داری (r=0/69 ) مشاهده شد. میانگین مقدار ظرفیت نگهداری آب تاج‌پوشش، 0/38 میلی‌متر، نرخ تبخیر به شدت باران در زمان بارندگی، 0/14 و ضریب تاج‌بارش مستقیم، 0/46 به‌دست آمدند. برای مدیریت صحیح جنگل‌کاری‌ها، آگاهی از مقدار باران‌ربایی و اجزای آن مانند ظرفیت نگهداری آب تاج‌پوشش،نرخ تبخیر به شدت باران در زمان بارندگی و نیز ضریب تاج‌بارش مستقیم در کنار مقدار تعرق درختان می‌تواند به انتخاب گونه‌های مناسب و سازگار در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک کشور کمک نماید. جهت برآورد ظرفیت نگهداری آب تاج‌پوشش که پارامتر مهمی در فرآیند باران‌ربایی می‌باشد، می‌توان از تنها روش موجود در سطح تک درختان، روش Pereira، استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Tree-based estimation of canopy water storage capacity and direct throughfall coefficient of Cupressus arizonica Green.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi 1
  • Pedram Attarod 2
  • Thomas Grant Pypker 3
  • Vilma Bayramzadeh 4
1 M.Sc. Student of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran.
2 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, University of Tehran, Karaj
3 Assistant Prof., Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada.
4 Assistant Prof., Department of Wood Science, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to estimate the individual tree-based 1) canopy water storage capacity (S), 2)  ratio of mean evaporation rate from the wet canopy to the mean rainfall intensity () by the Pereira method, and 3) direct throughfall coefficient (p) for Cupressus arizonica trees. The trees wereafforested in the Chitgar forest park in Tehran which is classified as a semiarid region. Measurements were carried out from February 2011 to February 2012. To measure the gross rainfall (GR), six rain-gauges were installed in an open space adjacent to the trees. Throughfall  (TF) was measured using a number of twenty rain-gauges located under the crown of five individual trees. Rainfall interception (I) was calculated as the difference between GR and TF. During the measurement period, 55 rainfall events were recorded with a cumulative depth of 234 mm. The C. arizonica trees intercepted 21.8% and 32.1% of the incident rainfall on cumulative-based and event-based (each GR) manner, respectively. Positive and negative power correlations were observed between I and GR (r = 0.89)as well as between(I: GR) % and GR (r = 0.69) for the mean value of five individual trees. Mean values of S,, and p were estimated as 0.38 mm, 0.14, and 0.46, respectively. I and its elements (), S, and p as well as transpiration of trees are, therefore concluded as necessary parameters to be considered when selecting suitable species for afforestation projects in the arid and semiarid zone. In addition and as a key parameter for calculating I, S can be optimally estimated by Pereira method which is exclusively proposed for tree-based measurements.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • canopy water storage capacity
  • Cupressus arizonica
  • Direct throughfall coefficient
  • Pereira method
  • rainfall interception
  • semiarid climate

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