تأثیر ارتفاع از سطح دریا بر الگوی پراکنش سیستم ریشه در جنگل‌کاری‌های توسکای ییلاقی (.Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری‏، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری‏، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه آمار، دانشکده علوم پایه و فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران

5 استاد، بخش هیدرولیک و حفاظت خاک، دانشکده کشاوزی، دانشگاه ساساری، ایتالیا

چکیده

حفاظت خاک توسط گیاهان تاحد زیادی به ویژگی‌های زیست‌فنی سیستم ریشه آن‌ها بستگی دارد. یکی از این ویژگی‌ها، الگوی پراکنش ریشه‌‌ها در خاک یا نسبت سطح ریشه به سطح خاک (RAR) است. هدف از پژوهش پیش‌رو، بررسی تأثیر عامل ارتفاع از سطح دریا بر پراکنش مکانی ریشه درختان جنگل‌کاری‌شده توسکای ییلاقی (Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey.)در سه حد ارتفاعی پایین‌بند، میان‌بند و بالابند در حوزه طرح جنگل‌داری نکا- ظالمرود در استان مازندران بود. هفت اصله درخت در هر ارتفاع به‌روش کاملاً تصادفی انتخاب شدند. به‌منظور اندازه‌‌گیری RAR با استفاده از روش مقطع پروفیل در اطراف هر پایه، دو پروفیل در سمت بالا و دو پروفیل در سمت پایین هر درخت حفر شد. ابعاد پروفیل‌ها 100 × 50 سانتی‌متر مربع بودند که به فاصله‌های افقی 5/0 و 5/1 متر از تنه درخت (دو مقطع) حفر شدند. دیواره‌‌‌‌ها به افق‌‌های 10 سانتی‌متری تقسیم شده و قطر همه ریشه‌‌های بیرون‌زده اندازه‌‌گیری شد. براساس نتایج، در هر سه ارتفاع با افزایش عمق و فاصله از درخت، RAR به‌صورت رابطه نمایی کاهش یافت. نتایج به­دست آمده از آنالیز کوواریانس نشان داد که پراکنش ریشه‌ها در هر سه ارتفاع، اختلاف معنی‌‌داری داشتند. به‌طور کلی، با افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا به تراکم ریشه‌ها افزوده شد. درصد بیشتر RAR در برخی از موقعیت‌‌ها در ارتفاع‌ پایین‌بند ممکن است به‌دلیل محدودیت عمق خاک در این ارتفاع باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of altitude on the distribution pattern of the root system of the Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey.) plantations in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Foshat 1
  • H. Akbari 2
  • E. Abdi 3
  • Sh. Ghalandarayeshi 4
  • F. Giadrossich 5
1 Corresponding author, Ph.D. Student, Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Department of Statistics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Engineering, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
5 Prof., Section Hydraulics, Faculty of Agricultural, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
چکیده [English]

The extent to which plants can protect soil largely depends on the biotechnical characteristics of their root system. One of these characteristics is the root distribution pattern in the soil or the Root Area Ratio (RAR). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of altitude on the root spatial distribution of Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey.)trees in lower, middle and upper altitudes in the Neka-Zalmrud forestry plan in the Mazandaran province, Iran. At each site, seven trees were completely randomly sampled. In order to investigate and measure RAR, two soil profiles were dug at both up and down sides of tree samples (with 50×100 cm2 dimensions) using the profile trench method at the horizontal distance of 0.5 and 1.5 m from the tree stem. On wall trenches, 10 cm horizons were identified, on which all intersecting roots were measured and RAR was calculated in each horizon. At all three altitudes, RAR decreased exponentially with increasing depth and distance from the tree. The results of ANCOVA showed that the distribution of roots at all three altitudes was significantly different. In overall, the density of the roots increased along with increasing altitude above sea level. Higher percentages of RAR in some locations at lowland heights were probably due to limited soil depth at this height.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bioengineering
  • root area ratio
  • wall trench method

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