مناسب‎ترین شاخص‎های گیاهی مستخرج از تصاویر ماهواره‎ای برای بررسی تأثیر متغیرهای اقلیمی بر جنگل‌های زاگرس شمالی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، گروه جنگل‌‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 استاد، گروه جنگل‌‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش پیش‌رو، انتخاب مناسب‎ترین شاخص‌‌های پوشش گیاهی مستخرج از تصاویر ماهواره‎ای برای مطالعه اثر تغییر متغیرهای اقلیمی بر پوشش جنگلی زاگرس شمالی در شهرستان سردشت بود. برای این منظور با استفاده از تصاویر سری لندست طی دوره 1988 تا 2017، ابتدا 25 شاخص گیاهی محاسبه شد. سپس با کاربرد آنالیز مؤلفه‎های اصلی (PCA)، نه شاخص‎ گیاهی مؤثرتر شامل هفت شاخص در محور اول و دو شاخص در محور دوم انتخاب شدند. این دو محور عاملی، حدود 91 درصد از واریانس شاخص‌های مورد بررسی را تبیین کردند. با به‌کارگیری داده‎های ایستگاه سینوپتیک سردشت، ضریب‌های همبستگی خطی بین شاخص‎های منتخب و متغیرهای اقلیمی بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص‌های محورهای اول و دوم به‌ترتیب با بارش و دمای فصل بهار، همبستگی مستقیم و معکوس داشتند. طی دوره 30ساله، شاخص پوشش گیاهی متعادل‌شده خاک (Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index, SAVI) با بارش فصل بهار، 49 درصد و شاخص پوشش گیاهی نسبت قرمز سبز (Red Green Ratio Index, RGRI) با دمای متوسط فصل بهار، 51 درصد همبستگی نشان دادند. به‌سبب اثرات همسان بارش و دمای فصل بهار در دهه اول، رابطه‌های رگرسیونی بین شاخص‎های SAVI و RGRI با بارش و دمای فصل بهار، 84 و 51 درصد همبستگی داشتند، در حالی‎که طی دهه‎های دوم و سوم، ضریب همبستگی هر دو شاخص به‌ترتیب به کمتر از 50 و 10 درصد کاهش یافت. با توجه ‌به ویژگی‎های منطقه مورد مطالعه، دخیل بودن چندین عامل مؤثر بر پوشش جنگلی و نیز اثرات متضاد یا همسان متغیرهای اقلیمی بر پوشش جنگلی، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که شاخص‌های مذکور به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تغییر متغیرهای اقلیمی بر جنگل‌های زاگرس شمالی، انطباق و همبستگی کم تا متوسطی دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Appropriate plant indicators derived from satellite images to investigate the impact of climatic parameters on forest cover in Northern Zagros, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • E. Maroufzade 1
  • P. Attarod 2
  • A. Ghasemi 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 M.Sc. Graduated of Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

This study aimed at selecting the most appropriate vegetation indices extracted from satellite images to study the effect of climate change on forest cover in the Sardasht, W. Azerbaijan province, Iran. Therefore, 25 plant indices were initially calculated from Landsat time-series images during 1988-2017, followed by applying principal component analysis (PCA), which led to the selection of nine more effective plant indices. The selected indices included seven indices in the first axis and two in the second axis. These two axes explained ca. 91% of the variance of the studied indicators. In addition, linear correlation coefficients between selected indices and climatic parameters were investigated using the data of the Sardasht synoptic station. The results showed that the indicators of the first and second axes were directly and inversely correlated with spring rainfall and temperature, respectively. The Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) showed 49% correlation with spring rainfall, while the Red Green Ratio Index (RGRI) revealed 51% correlation with the average spring temperature during the 30-year period. The association of SAVI and RGRI indices with precipitation and temperature in the last three decades showed a correlation of 84% and 51%, respectively, mainly due to the matching effects of precipitation and spring temperature in the first decade. However, correlation coefficients of both indices decreased to less than 50 and 10%, respectively, in the second and third decades. According to 1) the characteristics of the study area and the involvement of other factors that affect forest cover as well as 2) the opposite or similar effects of climate parameters on forest cover, application of the mentioned indicators to survey the effect of climate change on the Northern Zagros forest cover showed low to moderate correlations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forest vegetation
  • Landsat
  • Principal component analysis (PCA)
  • Sardasht

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