ارزیابی برهم‌کنش‌های درون و بین‌‌گونه‌‌ای بنه (.Pistacia atlantica Desf) و بادام (.Amygdalus spp) با استفاده از تحلیل‌‌‌‌های مکانی در توده‌‌های آمیخته جنگل تحقیقاتی بنه در استان فارس

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه سنجش از دور و GIS، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 کارشناس ‌‌ارشد، بخش منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

برهم‌کنش‌های درون و بین‌‌گونه‌‌ای درختان، یکی از فرایندهای مهم در ایجاد ساختار مکانی جوامع گیاهی در مناطق نیمه‌‌خشک است که می‌‌تواند در مدیریت و احیا پوشش گیاهی این مناطق به‌‌کار رود، بنابراین پژوهش پیش‌‌رو با هدف بررسی الگوی مکانی بنه (.Pistacia atlantica Desf) و بادام (.Amygdalus spp) و شناسایی برهم‌کنش آن‌ها در جنگل تحقیقاتی بنه استان فارس انجام شد. در دو قطعه‌‌نمونه با ابعاد 150 × 150 متر مربع، موقعیت مکانی 798 پایه از دو گونه به‌‌همراه دو قطر عمودبر‌هم تاج آن‌ها اندازه‌‌گیری شد. شکل‌‌های تک و دومتغیره تابع‌های g، O-ring، D و kmm برای تشریح الگوی مکانی این گونه‌‌ها استفاده شدند. نتایج با تأیید ناهمگنی توزیع گونه‌‌ها نشان دادند که بنه، انبوهی کمتر و میانگین مساحت تاج بیشتری داشت. همچنین، بنه و بادام در کپه‌‌های آمیخته قرار داشتند، اگرچه برهم‌کنش مثبت همگونه‌‌ها قوی‌‌تر از دگرگونه‌‌ها بود. در مقیاس کوچک، تجمع افراد همگونه نزدیک ‎به دوبرابر تجمع افراد دگرگونه بود. برهم‌کنش مثبت همگونه‌‌ها باعث بروز رقابت درون‌‌گونه‌‌ای شدید شد که بر اندازه مساحت تاج همگونه، اثر منفی معنی‌دار داشت (0/5 > p ) و مقدار آن در بادام بیشتر از بنه (در فاصله سه متری همگونه، مساحت تاج بادام 60 درصد و بنه 20 درصد کمتر از میانگین) بود. به‌‌طور کلی، این پژوهش نشان داد که در منطقه مورد مطالعه بین بنه و بادام، رابطه همیاری وجود دارد که می‌‌تواند به‌دلیل اثر تسهیل‌‌کنندگی بین آن‌ها باشد. نتایج کمی این پژوهش را می‌توان در اقدامات جنگل‌شناسی مانند درخت‌‌کاری به‌‌‌‌کار برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of intra- and interspecific interactions of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) and wild almond (Amygdalus spp.) using spatial analysis in mixed stands of Baneh Research Forest, Fars Province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Yousef Erfanifard 1
  • Afrouz Chenari 2
1 Associate Prof., Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 M.Sc., Department of Natural Resources and Environment, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz
چکیده [English]

Intra and interspecific interactions of plants is one of the important processes in establishing spatial structure of plant communities in semi-arid regions. Additionally, the interactions can be applied in management and rehabilitation of vegetation in these regions. This study was aimed to investigate the spatial pattern of wild pistachio (WP) (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) and wild almond (WA) (Amygdalus spp.) in Baneh Research Forest of Fars province to identify their interactions. In two 150 m × 150 m sample plots, the spatial positions of 798 individuals of two species and their crown diameters were measured. Uni- and bivariate g(r), O-ring, D(r) and kmm(r) were applied to explore the spatial patterns of species. The results showed the heterogeneity of spatial patterns of two species individuals, as well as lower density and higher mean crown area of WP. Moreover, WP and WA individuals were located in mixed clusters, although the positive interaction of conspecifics was stronger than heterospecifics. In small scales, density of conspecifics was almost two times more than heterospecifics. Furthermore, the positive interactions of conspecifics resulted in intense intraspecific competition that negatively influenced their crown areas (p < /em> < 0.05) and was more in WA (in 3 m distance between conspecifics, crown areas of WA and WP were 60% and 20% less than mean, respectively). In general, it was concluded that a mutualistic relationship exists between WP and WA in the study area as a result of their facilitative effects. The quantitative results of this study can be used in silvicultural treatments such as plantation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conspecific
  • facilitation
  • heterospecific
  • mark correlation function

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