تحلیل رابطه بین وقوع خشک‌سالی‌های هواشناسی و هیدرولوژیک و تغییر زی‌توده جنگل‌‌های مانگرو خلیج گواتر در یک دوره 34ساله

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

2 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تحلیل تغییر در توان تولیدی جنگل‌‌های مانگرو و بررسی رابطه آن با وقوع دوره‌های خشک‌سالی‌ می‌تواند اطلاعات ارزشمندی را از میزان آسیب‌پذیری این بوم‌سازگان‌ها نسبت ‌به اثر نامطلوب ناشی از تغییر اقلیم ارائه کند. در پژوهش پیش‌رو، تأثیر وقوع خشک‌سالی‌های بلندمدت بر توان تولیدی جنگل‌های مانگرو خلیج گواتر در استان سیستان و بلوچستان بررسی شد. با آماربرداری و اندازه‌گیری قطر یقه درختان حرا (.Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh)، محاسبه زی‌توده روزمینی و زیرزمینی آن‎ها در قطعه‌نمونه‌‌ها و تجزیه‌وتحلیل رابطه بین این مشخصه‌ها با تصاویر ماهواره‌ لندست، سری زمانی 34ساله (1986 تا 2019) زی‌توده درختان حرا نقشه‌سازی شد. سپس، رابطه بین تغییرات زی‌توده با وقوع خشک‌سالی‌ هواشناسی (اندازه‌گیری‌شده با استفاده از SPI) و خشک‌سالی‌ هیدرولوژیک (اندازه‌گیری‌شده با استفاده از SSFI) تجزیه‌وتحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که مطابق با روند تغییر شدت وقوع خشک‌سالی‌های هواشناسی و هیدرولوژیک، زی‌توده روزمینی و زیرزمینی نیز روندهای افزایشی و کاهشی در طی دوره 34ساله داشت، به‌طوری‌که در دوره ترسالی پیش از سال 1998، روند افزایشی برای زی‌‌توده مشاهده شد. با وقوع خشک‌سالی‌های بلندمدت پس از سال 1998، روند کاهشی مقادیر زی‌توده تا سال‌های پایانی دوره ادامه یافت. انطباق بین روند تغییرات زی‌توده و تغییرات SPI و SSFI سبب شد تا همبستگی زیادی بین تغییرات زی‌توده با تغییرات شدت وقوع خشک‌سالی‌های هواشناسی و هیدرولوژیک به‌دست آید (ضریب‌های همبستگی بیشتر از 0/82). نتایج این پژوهش می‌‌تواند برای تهیه برنامه‌‌های سازگاری با تغییر اقلیم و نیز برنامه‌‌های احیا و توسعه جنگل‌‌های مانگرو در استان سیستان و بلوچستان استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of relationship between the meteorological and hydrological droughts and biomass change of mangrove forests in the Gwatr Port over a 34-year period

نویسندگان [English]

  • Davoud Mafi-Gholami 1
  • Abolfazl Jaafari 2
1 Assistant Prof., Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The analysis of changes in mangrove forests production capacity and its relation to the drought periods can provide valuable information on the vulnerability of these ecosystems to the adverse effects of climate change. This study investigates the effect of long-term drought occurrences on the production capacity of the mangrove forests in the Gwatr Port in the Sistan and Baluchestan province. To do this, by recording the diameter at breast height and calculating the above and below ground biomass in the sample plots and analyzing the relationship between these characteristics with the Landsat satellite images, 34-year time series (1986-2019) mangrove biomass were mapped and the relationship between biomass variations and changes in meteorological drought (measured using SPI) and hydrological drought (measured using SSFI) was analyzed. The results showed that the above and below ground biomasses follows the trends of change in the severity of meteorological and hydrological droughts during the 34-year period such that in the wet season before 1998, mangrove biodiversity increased, and then with long-term droughts after 1998, the decline in biomass continued until the end of the period. The coincidence between biomass changes and SPI and SSFI variations resulted in a high correlation between mangrove biomass variations with changes in the severity of meteorological and hydrological droughts (correlation coefficients greater than 0.82). The results of this study can be used for developing climate change adaptation programs and for the restoration and development of mangrove forests in the Sistan and Baluchestan province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate change
  • inventory
  • satellite image
  • temporal and spatial changes

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