تغییرپذیری ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک در مراحل تحولی جنگل راش (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) در منطقه اسالم گیلان

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش پیش‌رو با هدف ارزیابی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک در مراحل تحولی جنگل راش (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) در منطقه اسالم استان گیلان انجام شد. سه قطعه‌نمونه یک هکتاری (100 × 100 متر مربع) که در آن‌ها سه مرحله تحولی جوانی، بلوغ و پوسیدگی وجود داشت، برای انجام پژوهش انتخاب شدند. در هر قطعه‌نمونه اصلی، نمونه‌برداری خاک از عمق صفر تا 20 سانتی‌متری در چهارگوشه پنج قطعه‌نمونه فرعی 400 متر مربعی (درمجموع 60 نمونه) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بافت خاک در مراحل سه‌گانه تحولی جنگل راش باهم اختلاف معنی‌دار دارند. تفاوت مراحل تحولی توده جنگلی موردنظر ازنظر متغیرهای شیمیایی شامل پتاسیم قابل‌جذب، درصد کربن آلی، C/N، آهن، منگنز، مس و روی معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین میانگین تنفس میکروبی، زی‌توده میکروبی کربن و فسفر و نیز بیشترین نسبت زی‌توده میکروبی کربن به زی‌توده میکروبی نیتروژن و نسبت زی‌توده میکروبی فسفر به زی‌توده میکروبی نیتروژندر مرحله تحولی پوسیدگی مشاهده شد. براین‌‌اساس می‌توان گفت که مرحله پوسیدگی ازنظر فعالیت‌های ریزاندامگان، شرایط مساعدتری دارد. یافته‌های دیگر این پژوهش نشان داد که ویژگی‌های زیستی و میکروبی خاک، شاخص بهتری برای بیان تفاوت بین مراحل تحولی جنگل هستند. درمجموع، با‌توجه‌به شرایط سنی و ساختاری در مراحل سه‌گانه تحولی راشستان موردمطالعه استنباط می‌شود که این مراحل طی زمان با تأثیر بر ریزاقلیم، تغییراتی را در ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و زیستی خاک ایجاد می‌کنند. باتوجه‌به انجام پژوهش پیش‌رو در قطعه شاهد، این نتایج به‌عنوان مبنایی در توده‌های جنگلی دیگر می‌تواند توسط مدیران جنگل در عملیات جنگل‌شناسی و احیا جنگل استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Variability of soil physical, chemical and biological properties in developmental stages of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forest of Asalem, Gilan Province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojtaba Azaryan 1
  • Kambiz Abrari Vajari 2
  • Beitollah Amanzadeh 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorram Abad, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorram Abad, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Research Division of Natural Resources, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

     This study aimed at evaluating the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil in the developmental stages of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forest in Asalem-Guilan region. Three 1-hectare plots (100 ×100 m2) with different stages of development including initial, optimal and decay were selected. Soil sampling was carried out at a depth of 0-20 cm in the four corners of the five sub-plots of 400 m2 each, and the samples (n = 60) were analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed significant difference of soil texture amongst the three developmental stages of beech forest. The developmental stages of beech forest were significantly different in terms of available potassium, organic carbon content, C/N, iron, manganese, copper and zinc. The highest mean respiration rate, microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus, MBC/MBN ratio and MBP/MBN ratio were observed in the decay stage. These results indicated that decay stage is more favorable in terms of microorganism activity. The results also showed that biological and microbial properties are more appropriate indices for revealing differences in developmental stages. The results generally revealed that developmental stages of beech stand with respect to age and structural conditions cause changes in soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics. The results in the control compartment could be used as a basis in other forest stands for silvicultural and rehabilitation measures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forest developmental
  • Hyrcanian forest
  • silvicultural
  • soil properties

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