تحمل به خشکی نونهال‌های پنج کلن صنوبر دلتوئیدس‏‏ (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

2 مربی، بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

3 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

چکیده

در پژوهش پیش‌رو، نونهال‌های صنوبر دلتوئیدس (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh)به مدت چهار ماه تحت تنش خشکی قرار گرفتند. قلمه‌های پنج کلن صنوبر دلتوئیدس تهیه‌شده از خزانه تتارد ایستگاه چمستان در ایستگاه تحقیقات باغبانی قائمشهر کاشته شدند. در خردادماه وقتی نونهال‌ها به قطر و ارتفاع مناسب رسیدند، نونهال‌های یکدست انتخاب و با 20 تیمار شامل پنج سطح کلن (P. d. 63.10،P. d. 63.51،P. d. 69.55،P. d. 73.51و P. d. 77.51)و چهار سطح خشکی (دور آبیاری 3 ، 6 ، 9 و 12 روز) در سه تکرار در قالب طرح فاکتوریل با بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی آزمایش شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش کم‌آبی باعث کاهش زنده‌مانی، رشد، زی­توده، فتوسنتز و تعرق نونهال صنوبر دلتوئیدس شد، اما کلن 55/69 علاوه‌بر زنده‌مانی مناسب، دارای رشد مطلوبی (به‌ویژه در آبیاری سه­روزه) بود. کلن 63/10 به‌رغم بیشترین زنده‌مانی، رشد کمتری نسبت ‌به کلن‌های 69/55 و 63/51 داشت. این کلن‌ها با مکانیزم اجتناب از تنش، در برابر کم‌آبی مقاومت نشان دادند. کلن 77/51 با دور آبیاری 12روزه، حساس­ترین کلن در برابر خشکی شناخته شد. اگرچه فاصله آبیاری باعث اختلال در رشد صنوبرها شد، اما کلن‌های 69/55، 63/51 و 63/10 توانستند دور آبیاری 9روزه را به‌مدت یک فصل رشد تحمل کنند. براساس نتایج این پژوهش، توصیه می‌شود برای تولید نهال در خاک‌های با بافت متوسط در نهالستان و توسعه زراعت چوب در مناطق کم‌آب نواحی شمال کشور از نهال‌های کلن‌های مقاوم معرفی‌شده در این پژوهش به‌ویژه کلن 69/55 با دور آبیاری 9روزه استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Drought tolerant of seedlings of five clones of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh

نویسندگان [English]

  • E. Sadati 1
  • J. Mokhtari 2
  • F. Asadi 3
1 Assistant Prof., Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran
2 Senior Research Expert, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this study, Populous deltoides Bartr. ex Marshseedlings were exposed to drought stress for four months. Cuttings of poplar clones were collected from the terminal shoot in the Chamestan Research Station, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Cuttings were planted in plastic pots under the control environment of Ghaemshahr Horticultural Research Station in June. After three growing months, seedlings of uniform height were chosen. Then potted seedlings included treatment 20 under the control environment in five clone levels (P.d.63/10, P.d. 63/51, P.d. 73/51, P.d. 69/55, and P.d. 77/51) and four drought stress levels (four periods of irrigation, 3, 6, 9, 12 days) with three replicates were investigated using a factorial experiment under randomized complete block design. Results showed that water stress affected and reduced growth, survival, seedling growth (height, diameter, leaf area), biomass, net photosynthesis, and transpiration. However, P.d. 69/55 clone seedling growth was appropriate in addition to optimal survival. However, comparisons amongst clones showed that the maximum rate of survival was achieved in P.d. 63/10 clone, but growth was less than that of P.d. 69/55 and P.d. 63/51 clones. Avoidance mechanisms in different clones caused the resistance of seedlings to drought. But among clones, P.d. 69/55, P.d. 63/51, P.d. 63/10 were relatively tolerant of drought. This study showed that the 9-day irrigation interval was the most suitable treatment for P. deltoids clones, also P.d. 77/51 clone was drought-susceptible with a 12-day irrigation interval. These results suggest that a selection of these clone seedlings for drought tolerance when water is limited with sandy loam soil in order to seedling production in nursery and wood cultivation conditions in the north of Iran. Thus particularly applies for P.d. 69/55 clone, which is also used the 9-day irrigation interval.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • photosynthesis
  • seedling growth
  • survival
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