مطالعه ویژگی‌‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک توده‌های کنار (.Ziziphus spina-christi L) در منطقه ایذه

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مهندسی آب‌وخاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد علوم باغبانی، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

3 کارشناس‌ارشد مهندسی آب‌وخاک، گروه مهندسی آب‌وخاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

از آنجایی‌که پایداری درازمدت بوم‌‌سازگان‌‌های طبیعی به حفظ کیفیت خاک بستگی دارد، آگاهی از وضعیت خاک عرصه‌‌های طبیعی می‌‌تواند در مدیریت صحیح آنها مؤثر باشد. هدف از پژوهش پیش‌‌رو، بررسی تأثیر تاج‌پوشش درخت کنار (.Ziziphus spina-christiL) بر ویژگی‌‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک منطقه دهستان مرغا در ایذه بود. نمونه‌‌برداری از خاک سطحی (عمق صفر تا 20 سانتی‌متری) زیر تاج‌ و خارج تاج (نمونه شاهد) درختان کنار با استفاده از روش خط‌نمونه تصادفی انجام شد. برخی مشخصه‌های فیزیکی (جرم مخصوص ظاهری و درصد رطوبت اشباع)، شیمیایی (pH، کربن آلی، پتاسیم و فسفر) و بیولوژیکی (کربن و نیتروژن زیست‌توده، تنفس پایه، تنفس میکروبی، بهره میکروبی و بهره متابولیکی) خاک اندازه‌‌گیری شدند. میانگین کربن آلی خاک زیر تاج 1/9 درصد اندازه‌‌گیری شد که 5/23 درصد بیشتر از خاک خارج از تاج بود. پتاسیم قابل ‌دسترس خاک (233/35 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک) زیر تاج درختان کنار، غلظتی بیشتر نسبت به خارج تاج داشت. pH تحت تأثیر درختان کنار قرار نگرفت و تفاوت معنی‌داری بین فضای آزاد و زیر تاج مشاهده نشد. بیشترین کربن و نیتروژن زیست‌توده میکروبی (به‌ترتیب 547/7 و 60/1 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) در زیر تاج به‌دست آمد. همچنین، خاک زیر تاج، بیشترین مقدار تنفس پایه (19/29 میلی‌گرم دی‌اکسید کربن در هر کیلوگرم خاک) و بیشترین بهره میکروبی (1/68 درصد) را داشت. مقدار بهره متابولیکی، روندی معکوس را نشان داد، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین مقدار آن در خارج از سایه‌انداز درختان مشاهده شد. براساس نتایج این پژوهش، وجود درختان کنار در منطقه مورد مطالعه منجر به افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک و نیز بهبود زیست‌توده و فعالیت میکروبی خاک شده بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Soil physicochemical and biological properties of Christ's thorn (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) in the Izeh

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoud Bazgir 1
  • Elham Noorozi 2
  • Ziba Maghsodi 3
1 Assistant Prof., Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 M.Sc. Graduate of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
3 M.Sc. Graduate of Soil and Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
چکیده [English]

Since the long-term sustainability of the natural ecosystem depends on soil quality protection, knowledge about soil conditions in natural lands is effective for their correct management. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Christ's thorn (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) crown on soil physicochemical and biological characteristics in the Izeh region of Khuzestan province. Soil sampling was carried out from the soil surface (0-20 cm) under the crown and open area (control) by using random transects. In addition, several numbers of soil physical (bulk density, and saturation moisture), chemical (acidity, organic carbon, potassium, and phosphorous) and biological (carbon microbial biomass, basal respiration, and microbial quotient) properties were measured. According to the result, the organic carbon content under the crown was 1.90 percent, which was 23.5% higher than that of the soil outside the crown. The available soil potassium content (233.35 mg kg-1) under Christ's thorn crown was higher than that of open area. However, pH was not shown to be affected by trees, with no significant difference between measured values in free space and under the crown. The highest amounts of carbon and nitrogen microbial biomass (547 and 60.1 mg kg-1, respectively) were found under the canopy. In addition, the highest basal respiration rate was 19.29 mg of carbon dioxide per kg of soil under the tree crown. The microbial quotient of 1.68% was highest under the crown. Based on the results, the metabolic rate showed an inverse trend, with the highest amount was observed outside the tree shadow. Furthermore, the presence of Christ's thorn trees in the study area has resulted in increasing soil fertility and the improvement of soil microbial activities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Khuzestan forests
  • organic matter
  • soil basal respiration
  • soil properties
  • tree crown

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