اثر موقعیت شیب کاتنا بر مشخصه‌‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در جنگل راش اسالم

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 استاد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

3 دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

4 استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

چکیده

بخشی از جنگل‌های راش (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) ناحیه هیرکانی بر روی گستره‌ای از خاک‌ها در یک ردیف پستی‌وبلندی با ساختارهای یال و دره به‌نام کاتنا توسعه یافته‌اند. به‌­طور کلی، توپوگرافی و تغییر موقعیت شیب بر مشخصه‌های خاک و پراکنش گونه‌های گیاهی تأثیر می‌گذارند. پژوهش پیش‌‌رو در دو توده ‌‌بهره‌‌برداری‌شده و بهره‌برداری‌نشده راش با هدف مقایسه تغییرپذیری مشخصه‌های خاک در طول کاتناهای V شکل در جنگل اسالم انجام شد. در هر توده، سه ساختار کاتنا بررسی شد. نمونه‌های خاک (از مرکز و چهارگوشه قطعه‌نمونه‌های 400 متر مربعی در امتداد هر کاتنا و موقعیت‌های شیب) از سه عمق صفر تا 10، 10 تا 20 و 20 تا 30 سانتی‌متری تهیه شدند. با آمیختن آن‌ها، یک نمونه واحد برای هر عمق و موقعیت شیب استخراج شد. نمونه‌های خاک از هر عمق به‌منظور مطالعه مشخصه‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی به آزمایشگاه انتقال داده شدند. مطابق نتایج، تغییرپذیری مشخصه‌های مختلف خاک، بیشتر متأثر از عمق‌های مختلف و نوع مدیریت‌ توده‌های جنگلی بود و کمتر از موقعیت‌های مختلف شیب کاتنا تأثیر گرفتند. بیشترین مقدار pH و Ec در توده‌‌ بهره‌‌برداری‌شده، بیشترین مقدار فسفر در توده ‌‌بهره‌‌برداری‌نشده و بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم نیز در موقعیت پنجه شیب اندازه‌‌گیری شد. پتاسیم قابل‌ جذب تنها متغیری بود که در اثر متقابل مدیریت، موقعیت شیب و عمق خاک، اختلاف معنی‌‌داری داشت. در بیان کلی، موقعیت‌‌های پای و پنجه شیب، خاک‌‌های مغذی‌‌تری داشتند. این موضوع مـی‌‌توانـد ‌‌به‌‌دلیل پدیده آب‌شویی و فرسایش خاک از شیب‌‌های بالایی به موقعیـت‌‌هـای پـایینی شیب باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of slope position in Catena landform on soil physical and chemical features in the Asalem Beech forest

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadbagher Mahmoodi 1
  • Hamid Jalilvand 2
  • Seyed Mohammad Hodjati 3
  • Yahya Kooch 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
2 Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
چکیده [English]

The beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands in the Hyrcanian region of Iran occur on a wide range of soils in a relief row with valley and ridge structures called Catena. This affects soil features and plant species distribution due to its topographic shape and different slope positions. The aim of this study was to compare changes in soil characteristics across V-shaped Catena in the two harvested and non-harvested beech stands in the Asalem region, Guilan Province. We selected three Catena landforms in each non-harvested and harvested stand. In each stand, a 400-m2 plot along each Catena and slope position was designed, in which soil samples were taken from the center and four corners as well as from 10-0 cm, 20-10 cm and 30-20 cm depths. The samples were mixed to obtain a single soil sample for each depth and slope position. Soil samples were transferred to the laboratory to study physical and chemical properties. Based on our results, the variability of soil features was significantly influenced by different depths and forest management plans, whereas they were poorly affected by the different positions of the Catena. The highest amounts of pH and Ec were measured in the harvested stand, while the highest phosphorus and potassium contents were measured in the non-harvested stand and toe slope position, respectively. Absorbable potassium was the only parameter that had a significant difference in management, slope position, and depth of soil interactions. Generally, foot and toe slope positions contained more nutritious soils, which can be attributed to the leaching and erosion of soil from higher to lower slopes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forest management
  • landform
  • soil properties

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