بررسی جوامع علفی و گلسنگی رویشگاه شمشاد هیرکانی (Buxus hyrcana Pojark) پس از بروز آشفتگی ناشی از بیماری بلایت (مطالعه موردی: جنگل‌‌ لساکوتی تنکابن)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد چالوس، چالوس، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش پیش‌‌رو با هدف بررسی رویشگاه شمشاد (Buxus hyrcana Pojark) پس از بروز آشفتگی ناشی از بیماری بلایت، در توده راش- شمشادستان (B) و توده مرجع راش خالص (S) در سری سه حوضه 36 لساکوتی واقع در جنوب شرق شهرستان تنکابن، استان مازندران انجام شد. در هرکدام از توده‌‌ها به‌روش تصادفی- منظم، 60 ریزقطعه‌نمونه 25 متر مربعی برای جمع‌‌آوری اطلاعات پوشش علفی انتخاب شدند. همچنین، برای نمونه‌‌برداری از گلسنگ‌‌ها از قاب‌‌هایی با ابعاد 60 × 40 سانتی‌متر استفاده شد. داده‌ها به‌کمک آزمون t مستقل و تحلیل تطبیقی متعارف تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر تنوع گونه‌‌ای سیمپسون (07/0±813/0=B، 07/0±649/0=S) و شانون- وینر (0/05±0/83=B، 0/05±0/577=S) پوشش علفی در توده راش-شمشادستان متأثر از بیماری بلایت به‌طور معنی‌‌داری (0/05p <) بیشتر بود. همچنین، نتایج آزمون t مستقل برای گونه‌‌های گلسنگی نشان داد که نمایه‌های تنوع گونه‌‌ای سیمپسون (0/03±0/477=B، 0/03±0/629=S) و شانون- وینر (0/06±0/738=B، 0/06±1/067=S) در توده راش- شمشادستان متأثر از بیماری بلایت به‌طور معنی‌‌داری (0/05p <) کمتر بود. یافته‌های حاصل از تحلیل تطبیقی متعارف نیز حاکی از آن بود که به‌دنبال بروز آشفتگی بیماری بلایت در توده راش- شمشادستان، شرایط محیطی توده تغییر کرد و منجر به تغییرپذیری درصد حضور و تنوع گونه‌‌های مختلف گلسنگ‌‌ به‌‌عنوان معرف‌‌های زیستی بوم‌سازگان جنگلی شد. همچنین، باز شدن توده به‌واسطه بروز آشفتگی بلایت و افزایش نور رسیده به کف جنگل به‌عنوان عامل کلیدی در تغییر ترکیب جوامع پوشش علفی و گلسنگی در توده راش- شمشادستان مشخص شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Box tree habitat investigation for lichen and herbaceous community after disturbance caused by box blight disease (Case study: Lesakoti Forest, Tonekabon)

نویسندگان [English]

  • R. Khanjanzadeh Kakrodi 1
  • Hadi Kiadaliri 2
  • A. Mattaji 3
  • M. Es-hagh Nimvari 4
  • Ali Sheykholeslami 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran., Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Chalus Branch, Chalus, Iran
چکیده [English]

   This study aimed at evaluating the box tree habitat after the occurrence of box blight disease in Buxo-Fagtum orientalis (B) and reference pure Fagetum (S) stands in the district 3, Lesakoty catchment No. 36, southeast of Tonekabon in the Mazandaran Province. In each stand, 60 micro-plots with 25 m2 were established, in which the frequency of herbaceous species was recorded. For sampling lichens, 60 × 40 cm quadrats were used. Raw data obtained from the field were compared and analyzed using an independent t-test and CCA analysis. Results revealed that the Simpson species diversity (B = 0.813 ± 0.07, S = 0.649 ± 0.07) and Shannon-Wiener (B = 0.830 ± 0.05, S =0.577 ± 0.05) of herbaceous species were significantly higher in Buxo-Fagetum orientalis stand (p <0.05). In addition, the independent t-test for lichen species showed that Simpson species diversity (B = 0.477±0 0.03, S = 0.629 ± 0.03) and Shannon-Weiner (B=0.738 ± 0.06, S= 1.067± 0/06) inboxwood-beech stand was significantly lower than those in pure beech site (p <0.05). CCA results showed that the environmental conditions, as well as the variability of the presence and diversity of different species of lichens as forest ecosystem bio-indicators were changed, mainly due to the boxwood blight disease in boxwood-beech stand. Further, stand opening caused by disturbances and increase of light reaching the forest floor was identified as a key factor in changing the composition of herbaceous and lichen communities in Buxo-Fagetum orientalis stands.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biodiversity
  • Buxo-Fagetum orientalis
  • fungi
  • lichen
  • soil

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