ویژگی‌های کمی و ساختار گونه‌‌های درختی در دو وضعیت متفاوت حفاظتی در جنگل‌های ارسباران

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کویرشناسی، دانشگاه یزد، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

چکیده

DOR: 98.1000/1735-0883.1397.26.355.73.3.1608.1606
 
تجزیه و تحلیل ساختار گونه‌‌های درختی، اطلاعات کاملی از ترکیب، اندازه و توزیع مکانی آن‌ها ارائه داده و به درک بسیاری از مسایل بوم‌شناختی و جنگل‌‌شناسی به‌منظور مدیریت بهینه بوم‌سازگان‌‌های جنگلی کمک می‌کند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، بررسی رویشگاه‌‌های با سابقه حفاظتی متفاوت (کلاله و وایقان با سابقه حفاظت طولانی‌مدت و کورن با سابقه حفاظت کوتاه‌مدت) از نظر ترکیب و ساختار درختان موجود در‌‌ این توده‌‌ها بود. ابتدا 9 هکتار (با قطعه‌‌نمونه‌‌های یک هکتاری) در سه رویشگاه به‌‌روش صددرصد آماربرداری شد. سپس، مشخصه‌‌های گونه، فاصله و آزیموت هر پایه، قطر برابر سینه و ارتفاع درختان اندازه‌‌گیری شدند. تعیین الگوی پراکنش درختان با استفاده از تابع K ریپلی انجام شد. بر اساس نتایج، 14 گونه در سه منطقه مورد مطالعه مشاهده شدند. چهار گونه‌‌ ممرز (68 درصد)، کرب (هشت درصد)، سرخدار (هفت درصد) و اوری (5/2 درصد)، حدود 88 درصد از تراکم درختان موجود در کل منطقه را تشکیل می‌‌دادند. مناطق کلاله و کورن به‌ترتیب بیشترین (15/29 متر مربع) و کمترین (0/26 متر مربع) رویه زمینی را به‌خود اختصاص دادند. رویشگاه‌‌های کلاله و وایقان، دامنه وسیعی از طبقه‌های قطری را در مقایسه با رویشگاه کورن داشتند. بررسی الگوی پراکنش با استفاده از تابع L نشان داد که به ­تقریب تمامی گونه‌‌ها در توده‌‌های مطالعه‌شده، پراکنش کپه‌‌ای داشته و فقط ممرز در رویشگاه کورن پراکنش تصادفی داشت، بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود که هر نوع دخالت با هدف اصلاح، احیا و غنی‌‌سازی توده‌های مورد مطالعه با رعایت درصد آمیختگی و حفظ الگوی پراکنش کپه‌‌ای گونه‌‌ها انجام شده و از جنگل‌کاری با گونه خالص خودداری شود تا هم تنوع زیستی و هم پایداری توده‌‌ها تضمین شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Quantitative characteristics and structure of tree species in two different conservation situations in Arasbaran forests

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sajjad Ghanbari 1
  • Gholam Hossein Moradi 2
  • Vahid Nasiri 3
1 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Desert Studies, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
3 Ph.D. Student, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Analysis of the structure of tree species provides a complete information on species diversity, composition, spatial distribution in mixed natural forests. It helps to better understanding of many ecological and silvicultural issues in order to optimal management of the ecosystem. The main objective of this research is to investigate the differences and similarities of sites with different conservation history (Kalale and Vaygan Sites with a long-term conservation history and Kuran Sites with a short-term conservation history) in terms of diversity and composition of the tree structure in Arasbaran forests. For this purpose, nine hectares with one-hectare sample plot were inventoried with full-callipering method. The measured characteristics were type of species, distance and azimuth of each tree from the last tree, diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height. The spatial pattern of trees was determined by the modified K-Ripley function. Based on the results, 14 species were observed in the three study areas. Four species of hornbeam (68 %), maple (8 %), yew (7 %) and persian oak (2.5 %) composed of about 88% of the total density of trees. Kalale site (15.29 m2) and Kuran (0.26 m2) had the highest and lowest basal-area per hectare, respectively. Kalale and Vaygan sites had a wide range of diameter classes in comparison with the Kuran site. L function showed that almost all species had cluster distribution and only hornbeam had a random distribution in Kuran site. Therefore,  every intervention in order to  tending  reclamation  andenrichment of the studied stands should be based on making species mixture and keeping clustered spatial pattern  and also it should be avoided pure species reforestation to ensureboth biodiversity and sustainability of stands.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arasbaran
  • clumped distribution
  • K-Ripley function
  • species composition

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