تأثیر اختلاط نانورس و خاکستر ساقه نی (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud) در تثبیت بستر خاکی ریزدانه راه‌‏های جنگلی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 کارشناس ‏ارشد جنگل‏داری، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

DOR: 98.1000/1735-0883.1397.26.319.73.3.1578.1610
 
امروزه استفاده تلفیقی از تثبیت‏‌کننده ‏های زیستی خاک مانند انواع خاکسترها و نانوذرات برای تسریع و تقویت فرآیند تثبیت بستر خاکی تورم‌پذیر راه‌‏ها بیش از پیش مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. خاک رس تورم‌‏پذیر مورد استفاده در این پژوهش از مسیر عبور جاده‌های پیشنهادی سری دو طرح جنگل‏‌داری‏ دکتر بهرام‌نیا واقع در استان گلستان تهیه شد. برای آماده‏‌سازی تیمارهای تثبیت خاک، ابتدا درصدهای وزنی اختلاط 0/5 نانورس مونت‏‌مریلونیت و دو خاکستر ساقه نی (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud)، یک نانورس و چهار خاکستر، 1/5 نانورس و شش خاکستر و دو نانورس و هشت خاکستر به خاک اضافه شد و به ‏مدت پنج دقیقه ‏هم ‏زده شد تا مخلوط همگن و عاری از کلوخه به‌دست آید. پس از عمل‌آوری و گذشت هفت، 14 و 28 روز از زمان تثبیت، آزمایش‏‌های حدود آتربرگ، تراکم استاندارد، مقاومت تک‏‌محوری و ظرفیت بارگذاری کالیفرنیا (CBR) در چهار تکرار در مورد مخلوط‏‌های خاک و نمونه شاهد انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که افزودن ترکیبات مختلف خاکستر نی و نانورس به خاک سبب کاهش حد روانی، افزایش حد خمیری و کاهش شاخص خمیری خاک شد. همچنین، با افزایش درصد وزنی مواد افزودنی مذکور، رطوبت بهینه افزایش یافت و حداکثر تراکم خشک خاک کم شد. مقاومت فشاری نامحدود و CBR خاک تا تیمار شش درصد خاکستر و 1/5 درصد نانورس به‌طور قابل ملاحظه‌ای افزایش یافت، اما افزودن مقادیر بیشتر خاکستر و نانورس، تغییرات محسوسی در مقاومت خاک ایجاد نکرد. در این پژوهش، افزایش زمان عمل‏‌آوری سبب کاهش شاخص خمیری، افزایش حداکثر تراکم خشک و مقاومت خاک شد. به این‏ ترتیب، تیمار شش درصد خاکستر و 1/5 درصد نانورس با زمان عمل‌‏آوری 28 روز برای تثبیت خاک رس منطقه مورد مطالعه پیشنهاد می‏‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of the combination of nano-clay and reed ash (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) on stabilization of the fine aggregate earthy bed of forest roads

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aidin Parsakhou 1
  • Ayyoub Rezaee Motlaq 2
1 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 M.Sc. Forestry, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, the use of the biological stabilizers of soil such as ashes and nano-particles has been concerned to accelerate and improve the stabilizing process of the swelling soil of road bed. In this study the swell soil was brought from the routes of recommended forest road in district two of Bahramnia forest management plan in Golestan province according to the appearance and performance properties of soil. At first, for preparing the soil stabilization treatments the mixtures of 0.5% montmorillonite nano clay and 2% reed ash (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.), 1% nano clay and 4% ash, 1.5% nano clay and 6% ash and 2% nano clay and 8% ash were added to soil and then mixed for 5 minute to access homogenous mixture without lump. After the curing time of 7, 14 and 28 days from the stabilization time, the Atterberg limit, standard proctor, unconfined compressive strength and Californian bearing ratio tests were done for 4 replications on mixtures of soil and control sample. Results showed that adding reed ash and nano clay increased the plastic limit and decreased the liquid limit and plastic index. Moreover, with increasing the amount of additive materials in the soil, the maximum dry density of the mixture decreased and optimum moisture content increased. The CBR and unconfined compressive strength of the mixture increased considerably until adding 1.5% nano clay and 6% ash and then adding more additive materials didn’t change the soil strength. In this study increasing the curing time, caused that the maximum dry density and soil strength to increase, whereas the plastic index of the mixture decrease. So, the optimal treatment of 1.5% nano clay and 6% ash and curing time of 28 day is recommended for stabilization of clay soil in study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Curing time
  • Montmorillonite
  • recommended roads
  • soil stabilization
  • swelling clay

مراجع

- Anandha Kumar, S. and Manikandan, R., 2016. Influence of nanosized additives on the improvement of clay soil. International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research, 1(1): 23-30.
- ASTM, 2013. Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil. ASTM International D2166, West Conshohocken, PA, United States, 7p.
- ASTM, 2000a. Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils. ASTM International D4318, West Conshohocken, PA, United States, 14p.
- ASTM, 2000b. Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3)). ASTM International D1557, West Conshohocken, PA, United States, 10p.
- ASTM, 2002. Standard test method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of laboratory-compacted soils.ASTM D1883 International, West Conshohocken, PA, United States, 32p.
- Azizi Darounkolaei, M., 2012. Investigating the effect of the use of nano clay on improvement of geotechnical properties of sandy soil at the Babolsar coasts. M.Sc.thesis, International Pardis, University of Guilan, Rasht, 77p (In Persian).
- Babu, S. and Joseph, S., 2016. Effect of nano materials on properties of soft soil. International Journal of Science and Research, 5(8): 634-637.
- Bahari, M. and Shahnazari, A., 2015. Experimental study of the fine-grained earthen bed stabilization using nanoclay. Journal of Water and Soil Science (Journal of Science and Technology of Agricultural and Natural Resources), 19(72): 107-114 (In Persian).
- Bahmani, S.H., Huat, B.B.K., Asadi, A. and Farzadnia, N., 2014. Stabilization of residual soil using SiO2 nanoparticles and cement. Construction and Building Materials, 64(14): 350-359.
- Baziar, M.H., Ghazi, H. and Mirkazemi, S.M., 2010. Investigation on the effect of nano clay additive on basal geotechnical-engineering properties of soil. 4th International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics, Tehran, Iran, 2-3 Nov. 2010: 7p (In Persian).
- Bell, F.G., 1996. Lime stabilization of clay minerals and soils. Engineering Geology, 42(4): 223-237.
- Firoozi, A.A., Taha, M.R., Firoozi, A.A. and Khan, T.A., 2014. Assessment of nano-zeolite on soil properties. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8(19): 292-295.
- Jimoh, Y.A. and Apampa, O.A., 2014. An evaluation of the influence of corn cob ash on the strength parameters of lateritic soils. Civil and Environmental Research, 6(5): 1-10.
- Karim, H.H., Samueel, Z.W. and Ahmed, S.F., 2015. Geotechnical properties of soft clay soil stabilized by reed ashes.2ndInternational Conference on Buildings, Construction and Environmental Engineering. Lebanon, 17-18 Oct. 2015: 154: 1-5.
- Karimian Nokabadi, M., Hajiannia, A. and Abtahi, S.M., 2013.Rice husk ash potential for consolidation of silt sandy soil.2ndInternational Conference of New Researches in Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, 3 Mar. 2013, 7p(In Persian).
- Kavak, A., Bilgen, G. and Mutman, U., 2010. In-situ modification of a road material using a special polymer. Scientific Research and Essays, 5(17): 2547-2555.
- Li, G., 2004. Properties of high-volume fly ash concrete incorporating nano-SiO2.Cement and Concrete Research, 34(6): 1043-1049.
- Lotfalian, M., Parsakhoo, A. and Savadkoohi, A., 2016. Improvement of forest road gravel surfacing quality by nano-polymer CBR PLUS. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 372(2): 345-352.
- Majeed, Z.H. and Taha, M.R., 2013. A review of stabilization of soils by using nanomaterials. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(2): 576-581.
- Majdi, M., Uromeihy, A. and Nikudel, M.R., 2014. Investigation on the effect of adding nano SiO2 on geotechnical properties of clay soil. 1th National Conference of Soil Mechanic and Foundation Engineering, Tehran, 3-4 Dec. 2014: 9p (In Persian).
- Mohammadi, M. and Niazian, M., 2013. Investigation of nano-clay effect on geotechnical properties of Rasht clay. International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical Research, 3(3): 37-46.
- Musavi, F., Abdi, E., Estabragh, A.R. and Majnounian, B., 2014. Assessing the capability of polymer stabilizer in forest road stabilization (Casestudy: Kheyrud forest). Iranian Journal of Forest, 6(1): 1-10(In Persian).
- Nasiri, M., Lotfalian, M., Modarres, A. and Wu, W., 2016. Optimum utilization of rice husk ash for stabilization of sub-base materials in construction and repair projects of forest roads. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 37(2): 333-343.
- Nikookar, M., Bahari M., Nikookar, H. and Arabani, M., 2013. The strength characteristics of silty soil stabilized using nano-clay. The 7thInternational Symposium on Advances in Science and Technology. BandarAbbas, Iran, 7-8 Mar. 2013: 7p.
- Nohani, E. and Alimakan, E., 2015. The effect of nanoparticles on geotechnical properties of clay. International Journal of Life Sciences, 9(4): 25-27.
- Pashabavandpouri, M.A. and Jahangiri, S., 2015. Effect of nano silica on swelling, compaction and strength properties of clayey soil stabilized with lime. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 5(7S): 538-548.
- Pham, H. and Nguyen, Q.P., 2014. Effect of silica nanoparticles on clay swelling and aqueous stability of nanoparticles dispersions. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 16: 2137.
- Priyadharshini, R. and Arumairaj, P.D., 2015. Improvement of bearing capacity of soft clay using nanomaterials. International Journal of Scientific Research, 4(6): 218-221.
- Sadeeq, J.A., Ochepo, J., Salahudeen, A.B. and Tijjani, S.T., 2015. Effect of bagasse ash on lime stabilized Lateritic Soil. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 9(2): 203-213.
- Sadeqian Leylan, A.R. and Alamir, M.A., 2015. The use of huck rice ash on stabilization of soil by lime. 2th Iranian Conference of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Qom, Iran, 14-15 Oct. 2015:4p(In Persian).
- Sharifnasab, H. and Abbasi, N., 2016. Effect of nanoclay particles on some physical and mechanical properties of soils. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 6(1): 250-258 (In Persian).
- Taherkhani, H., 2016. Investigation of compressive strength of clay soils stabilized by cement, lime and CBR PLUS nano- polymer. Modares Civil Engineering Journal, 16(4): 161-173 (In Persian).
- Taherkhani, H. and Salami, H., 2014. Comparison of lime, cement and CBR PLUS additives for stabilizing clay soil. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 5(2): 263-274 (In Persian).
- Taipodia, J., Dutta, J. and Dey, A.K., 2011. Effect of nano particles on properties of soil. Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference, India, 15-17 Dec. 2011: 105-108.
- Uddin, F., 2008. Clays, nanoclays, and montmorillonite minerals. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 39(12): 2804-2814.
- Yonekura, R. and Miwa, M., 1993. Fundamental properties of sodium silicate based grout. Proceedings of the 11th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference. Singapore, 4-8 May 1993: 439-444.
- Yong, R.N. and Ouhadi, V.R., 2007. Experimental study on instability of bases on natural and lime/cement-stabilized clayey soils. Applied Clay Science, 35(3-4): 238-249.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار