ارزیابی رشد و تولید ارقام صنوبر (Populus nigra) تاج‌بسته تحت یک دوره تنش شدید خشکی در پوپولتوم مقایسه‌ای سنندج

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهش، بخش‌ تحقیقات ‌منابع‌ طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سنندج، ایران

2 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به تغییرات اقلیمی و خشک‌سالی‌های اخیر، ارزیابی توان رشد و تولید ارقام صنوبر (Populus spp) در شرایط تنش خشکی ضروری است. این پژوهش با 14 کلن تاج‌بسته صنوبر (P. nigra L) با فاصله کاشت 3×3 متر از سال 1380 به‌مدت هفت سال در سنندج اجرا شد. کاشت نهال کلن‌ها در قالب طرح آزمایشی بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در فروردین 1381 انجام شد. مزرعه در سال 1386 به‌دلیل عدم امکان تأمین آب تا دهم تیر تحت تنش خشکی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که خشکی موجب زردی و خزان برگ‌ها، حمله چوب‌خوار (Melanophylla picta) و درنهایت خشک شدن تعدادی از درختان شد. تنش، ضمن افزایش دامنه تغییرات صفات، رشد کلن­های صنوبر را به‌شدت محدود کرد، به‌طوری‌که درختان در معرض خشکی نتوانستند سرعت و مقدار رشد بالقوه خود را نشان دهند. پاسخ به تنش خشکی در بین کلن­‌های صنوبر تنوع قابل ملاحظه‌­ای نشان داد، به‌طوری­‌که در کلن­‌های P. nigra M و P. nigra 42/53 درصد تلفات صفر بود، اما در برخی مانند P. nigra 63/135 حدود نیمی از درختان از بین رفتند.میانگین تلفات کلن­‌ها 20/49 درصد بود و دو کلن P. nigra 56/52 و P. nigra 56/75 با تولید چوب به‌­ترتیب 61/25 و 8/24 متر مکعب در هکتار در سال و خسارت متوسط (25 تا 30 درصد) جزء کلن­‌های دارای بهترین عملکرد و به‌نسبت متحمل به خشکی بودند. نتایج تجزیه ضریب‌های همبستگی، تجزیه خوشه‌ای و تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی، تأثیر منفی تنش خشکی را بر عملکرد چوب و اجزای آن نشان دادند، بدین شکل که کلن­‌های کوچک‌تر و دارای تعداد و اندازه برگ کمتر با ظرفیت حفظ آب گیاه و کاهش سطح تبخیر، قابلیت تحمل خشکی بیشتری داشتند. همچنین، وجود تنوع ژنتیکی از نظر تحمل تنش در بین کلن‌های صنوبر و الگوی تفکیک آن‌ها در تجزیه خوشه‌ای و نتایج تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی، بیانگر دخالت عامل‌های ژنتیکی در کنترل آن و امکان دسترسی به کلن‌های پایدار و سازگار با شرایط خشک کشور از طریق دورگ‌گیری بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of growth and yield of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) clones under drought stress period in comparative populetum of Sanandaj

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bayzid Yousefi 1
  • Alireza Modir Rahmati 2
1 Associate Prof., Research Division of Natural Resources, Kurdistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Regarding the effects of climate change and the recent drought in Iran, it is necessary to assess the growth and producion of poplar varieties under drought stress. In this research, 14 clones of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) were studied during 2001-2008 in Sanandaj, Kurdistan province. Cuttings were planted in early March of 2000, and the samplings were transplanted in early April of 2001 in 3m × 3m spacing and a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The yearly field works included uniformly-applied irrigation, weeding and pruning. However, they were subjected to drought stress in 2007 due to the impossibility of providing water by the tenth of July (103 days). The results showed that drought caused leaf yellowing and fall, as well as mildew (Melanophylla picta) outbreak and finally drying of a number of trees. Moreover, simultaneous drought and increase the range of traits changes limited the growth of poplar clones, so that the trees could not show their potential growth rate. Responses to drought stress among poplar clones showed a significant variation, so that P.n.M and P. n. 42/53 showed zero percentage, while P. n. 63/135 showed about 50% damage caused by drought. The average loss of drought in the clones was 20.49%. In addition, the P. n. 56/52and P. n. 56/75cloneswith 25.61 and 24.80 m3/ha per year wood yield and moderate (25-30%) damage caused by drought were defined as high-yield and relatively tolerant clones. The results of multivariate statistical analysis (correlation coefficients, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis- PCA) showed a negative effect of drought stress on the wood yield and its components. They also showed that smaller clones with fewer leaf sizes have higher drought tolerance by more water maintaining potential and lower evaporation levels. Finally, the presence of genetic diversity in terms of stress tolerance among poplar clones as well as their segregation pattern in cluster analysis and PCA biplot indicated the interference of genetic factors in its control and the availability of stable clones that can be compatible with dry conditions of the country via their hybridization.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Clone
  • function
  • Genetic diversity
  • loss

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