توسعه پایدار جنگل‌کاری با استفاده از برنامه‌ریزی آرمانی و تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی فازی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری جنگل‌داری، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان، صومعه‌سرا، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش، ارزیابی جنگل‌کاری بر اساس اصول توسعه ­پایدار در حوضه آبخیز دارابکلا استان مازندران بود. برای این منظور از مدل برنامه‌ریزی آرمانی برای درنظر گرفتن اهداف چندگانه به‌طور هم‌زمان و همچنین از فرآیند تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی فازی برای وزن‌دهی به معیارها و شاخص‌­های مؤثر بر جنگل‌کاری با استفاده ازنظر کارشناسان استفاده شد. معیارها و شاخص­‌های مورد نظر با توجه به منابع و بر اساس اصول توسعه پایدار تعیین شدند که عبارت بودند از معیارهای اقتصادی، محیط زیستی، تولیدی، حفاظت از تنوع زیستی، سلامت جنگل و وسعت جنگل که شامل شاخص‌­های مختلف (ارزش خالص فعلی، موجودی کربن، رویش متوسط سالانه، زی‌توده تنه و رویه زمینی، تنوع قطری، پایداری توده و ارزیابی توان اکولوژیک) بودند. همچنین، گونه‌های پلت، شیردار، ون، گردو، بلندمازو، توسکای ییلاقی و کاج بروسیا که در منطقه مورد ­مطالعه، جنگل‌کاری شده بودند، برای این پژوهش انتخاب شدند. نتایج حل مدل آرمانی بر اساس معیارهای چندگانه نشان داد که سطح جنگل‌کاری پلت که بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از ارزیابی توان اکولوژیک منطقه مورد مطالعه، 590/197 هکتار پیشنهاد شده بود، به صفر کاهش یافت. مساحت جنگل‌کاری ون با 120/1719 هکتار افزایش از 547/0468 به 667/2187، شیردار با 470/0245 هکتار افزایش از 535/9685 به 1005/993 و بلندمازو با 89/7241 هکتار کاهش از 416/3037 به 326/5796 رسید. سطح جنگل‌کاری گردو، توسکای ییلاقی و کاج بروسیا بدون هیچ ‌تغییری به‌ترتیب با 535/9652، 357/8197 و 197/4391 هکتار پذیرفته شدند. درمجموع، سطحی معادل 3091/0153 هکتار در منطقه مورد مطالعه برای جنگل‌کاری با توجه به مدل برنامه‌­ریزی آرمانی مورد نیاز بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Sustainable development of reforestation using goal programing and fuzzy- AHP

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Niknejad 1
  • Asghar Fallah 2
  • Soleiman Mohammadi Limaei 3
1 Ph.D. Forestry, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Someh Sara, Iran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to investigate reforestation projects based on the principles of sustainable development in the Darabkola watershed in Mazandaran province. Therefore, a goal programming model was used for the consideration of multiple goals. A fuzzy hierarchical process was used to compute the weights of different criteria. The criteria and indicators were determined according to principles of the sustainable development, including those related to economy, environment, production, biodiversity conservation, forest health, and forest cover (e.g., various indicators such as net present value, carbon balance, annual increment of diameter, stem biomass, basal area, diameter variation, mass stability, and ecological productivity). The tree species comprised Acer velutinum, A. cappadocicum, Fraxinus excelsior, Juglans regia, Quercus castaneifolia, Alnus subcordata and Pinus brutia. The results of goal programming model showed that the areas of afforestation with different species were changed compared to the ecological capability assessments. The results showed a zero ha potential for maple, which was initially defined 590.197 ha based on the assessment of ecological potential. In addition, the results revealed 120.17 ha increase (547 vs. 667.21) for F. excelsior, 470.02 ha increase (535.96 vs. 1005.99) for A. cappadocicum and 89.72 ha reduce (416.30 vs. 326.57) for Quercus castaneifolia. The reforested area was unchanged for the other species such as J. regia, A. subcordata and P. brutia. Therefore, a total area of 3091.01 ha was suggested for the afforestation according to the results of goal programming model.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Criterion
  • ecological potential
  • Darabkola watershed
  • Index
  • multiple purposes

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