ویژگی‌های رویشی گونه‌های چوبی آبیاری‌شده با پساب در شرایط اقلیمی خشک (مطالعه موردی: شهر یزد)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 پژوهشگر، بخش تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش، سازگاری و عملکرد رویشی گونه­‌های چوبی در شرایط آبیاری با پساب شهری (پساب تصفیه‌­خانه فاضلاب) شهر یزد ارزیابی شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح آماری بلوک‌­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار با کاشت گونه­‌های درختی Eleagnus angustifolia، Eucalyptusmicrotheca، E.camaldulensis، Tamarixaphylla، Meliaazedarach، Pinuseldarica، Morusalba، Cupressus sempervirens، Ailanthusaltissima، Populuseuphratica و P. euohratica × P. alba اجرا شد. نهال­‌های کاشته‌شده با پساب، آبیاری شدند. پس از استقرار اولیه نیز آبیاری با دور 20 تا 30 روز یک‌بار انجام شد. برای ارزیابی تأثیر استفاده از پساب بر استقرار و رشد کمی گونه‌­های کشت‌شده در پایان سال چهارم پس از کاشت، صفاتی مانند زنده‌مانی، ارتفاع، میانگین قطر تاج، حجم تاج، قطر یقه، قطر برابر سینه و ضریب قدکشیدگی اندازه‌گیری یا محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که در بین گونه‌­های کشت‌شده، P.eldarica با صددرصد زنده­‌مانی، بیشترین استقرار را داشت. با این وجود، گونه مذکور از این نظر اختلاف معنی‌داری با E. microtheca، M.azedarach، E.camaldulensis و M. alba نشان نداد. در مقابل، برای همه شاخص‌­های رشد و عملکرد، مناسب‌­ترین وضعیت متعلق به T.aphylla بود. هرچند برای بسیاری از شاخص‌­ها با برخی از گونه‌­ها، اختلاف معنی‌­داری مشاهده نشد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان داد که با توجه به استقرار، رشد و ضریب قدکشیدگی مناسب در E.camaldulensis، E.angustifolia، M.azedarach، P.eldarica، P. euphratica و E. microtheca نسبت به گونه‌های مورد آزمایش دیگر، می‌­توان از این گونه‌­ها در شرایط اقلیمی خشک و به‌وسیله آبیاری با پساب شهری استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effects of wastewater irrigation on vegetative performance of various woody species under arid condition (Case study: Yazd city)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Hadi Rad 1
  • Hashem Keneshloo 2
  • Mehdi Soltani 3
1 Assistant Prof., Forest and Rangeland Division, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yazd, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricuture Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Research Expert, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the establishment and adaptability of woody species under wastewater irrigation condition in arid climate. This experiment carried out in Yazd city wastewater treatment station with 11 tree species under randomized complete block design with three replications. The species included Eucalyptus camaldulensis E. microtheca, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Tamarix aphylla, Melia azedarach, Pinus eldarica, Populus euphratica, P. alba × P. euphratica, Morus alba, Cupresus simperverence and Ailanthus altissima. In each plot, trees were planted with 48 seedlings for each species. Immediately after planting, the seedlings were irrigated with wastewater for 15 days, followed by further irrigations in 20-30 days intervals after the establishment. After 4 years, the effects of wastewater on establishment and growth, including survival percentage, height growth, the average diameter of the crown, crown volume, collar diameter and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured. The results showed that the P. eldarica had highest rates of deployment with 100% of establishment. However, no significant differences were observed with other species including M. azedarach, E. camaldulensis and, E. microtheca. For all growth indicators and yield traits, the T. aphylla tree showed better performance, although it did not significantly differ with many others species. The results of this study showed that woody species such as E. camaldulensis, E. microtheca, M. azedarach, E. angustifolia, P. euphratica and P. eldarica can be irrigated with wastewater under arid condition due to their better establishment, growth and slenderness coefficient compared to other species.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adaptation
  • afforestation
  • Slenderness Coefficient
  • survival percentage

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