تنوع جغرافیایی صفات بذر، برگ و نونهال بادامک (Amygdalus scoparia) در استان فارس

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌شناسی و اکوژی جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 دانشیار، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

4 دکترای جنگل‌داری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

5 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات آب و خاک، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

مطالعه تنوع جغرافیایی در درون گسترشگاه بومی هر گونه جنگلی، اولین گام منطقی برای مطالعات ژنتیکی است. بادامک (Amygdalus scoparia Spach) گونه­‌ای چندمنظوره با دامنه پراکنش گسترده در بیشتر نواحی رویشی ایران است. به­‌منظور بررسی تنوع جغرافیایی این گونه، 19 صفت زیست­‌سنجی بذر، برگ و نونهال از هفت جمعیت طبیعی آن در استان فارس اندازه­‌گیری و مقایسه شد. بر اساس نتایج، تفاوت­‌های معنی­‌داری بین جمعیت­‌های مورد مطالعه و برای کلیه صفات مورد بررسی مشاهده شد. وزن 100دانه، مساحت برگ و تعداد ساقه بیشترین تنوع را بین صفات مورد مطالعه نشان دادند. صفات بذر همبستگی مثبت و معنی­‌داری را با میانگین بارندگی سالانه نشان دادند. همبستگی بین صفات زیست­‌سنجی و عامل‌های ژئوکلیماتیک نشان از وجود تنوع کلاینی در بعضی از صفات بذر و برگ داشت. ابعاد برگ نونهال­‌ها به‌­تدریج از جمعیت شمال به جنوب و ارتفاع نونهال‌ها از جمعیت شرق به غرب استان فارس کاهش یافت. این بدان معنی است که گیاه در مرحله نونهالی، تنوع دوسویه‌­ای را با عرض و طول جغرافیایی نشان می‌­دهد. تجزیه به مؤلفه­‌های اصلی و تجزیه خوشه­‌ای، جمعیت­‌ها را در چهار گروه مجزا قرار داد و جمعیت­‌های نواحی با بارندگی زیاد را از جمعیت‌های نواحی با بارندگی کم جدا کرد. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که بادامک از راهکارهای سازشی در پاسخ به کمبود آب استفاده می­‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Geographic variation in seed, leaf and seedling traits of wild almond (Amygdalus scoparia Spach.) in Fars province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoud Babaeiyan 1
  • Davoud Azadfar 2
  • Mohammad Hadi Pahlevani 3
  • Zohreh Saeedi 4
  • Mphammad Hossein Arzanesh 5
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology , Faculty of Forest Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology , Faculty of Forest Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Department of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
4 Ph.D. Forestry, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
5 Research Division of Soil and Water, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Knowledge about geographic variation within the native range of forest tree species is the logical first step in genetic studies. Wild almond (Amygdalus scoparia Spach.) is a multi-purpose species with a widespread geographic distribution in most of the vegetation regions of Iran. In order to study the geographic variation of wild almond, nineteen biometric features of seed, leaf and seedling from seven natural population of this species in Fras province were measured. Significant differences were observed among the populations for all of the studied characteristics. Hundred seed weight, leaf area and number of stems showed maximum variation among the studied traits. Seed traits presented a significant positive correlation in terms of mean annual rainfall. Correlation analyses between biometric traits and geoclimatic factors indicated the existence of clinal variation in some seed, leaf and seedling traits. Seedling leaf morphometric (dimension) traits decreased gradually from north to south populations; while seedling height declines from east to west populations. That means the geographic variation of the plant at the seedling stages reveals a two- way variation with the latitude and longitude. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis of data revealed four distinct groups of populations, and separated populations of high rainfall area form that of lower rainfall area. Results also revealed that A. scoparia uses adaptive strategies in response to water deficit.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biometric traits
  • clinal variation
  • intra-specific variation
  • provenance
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