بررسی تغییرات پوشش گیاهی در ارتباط با برخی متغیرهای محیطی با استفاده از گونه‌های محافظه‌کار

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

4 استادیار، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

رج‌­بندی و طبقه‌­بندی پوشش گیاهی بر مبنای گونه­‌های محافظه­‌کار می‌­تواند از کارایی بهتری برای تحلیل روابط اکولوژیکی بین پوشش گیاهی و عامل‌های محیطی برخوردار ­باشد. پژوهش پیش‌رو با توجه به رویکرد فوق، به تغییرات اشکوب علفی تیپ­‌های جنگلی بلوط ایرانی (Quercus brantii Lindl.)، دارمازو (Q. infectoria Oliv.) و گلابی وحشی (Pyrus glabra Boiss.) در ارتباط با برخی متغیر­های محیطی می‌­پردازد. اشکوب درختی با استفاده از 24 قطعه‌­نمونه 500 مترمربعی تصادفی و اشکوب علفی هر قطعه‌نمونه با استقرار تصادفی سه ریزقطعه‌­نمونه چهار مترمربعی برداشت شد. در قطعات نمونه، تاج‌پوشش، ویژگی­‌های فیزیوگرافی و برخی متغیرهای ادافیکی اندازه­‌گیری شد. در ریزقطعات نمونه، غنای گونه‌­ا‌ی و درصد حضور گونه‌­های گیاهی به‌عنوان معیاری از وفور ثبت شد. پس از تعیین گونه‌­های محافظه­کار، پویایی اشکوب علفی با متغیرهای محیطی از طریق رج‌­بندی (CCA، PCA وDCA) و طبقه­‌بندی (TWINSPAN) بررسی شد. طبق نتایج رج‌­بندی و طبقه‌­بندی اشکوب علفی، تیپ بلوط ایرانی از نظر ترکیب گونه‌­ای، ویژگی­‌های ادافیکی و فیزیوگرافی اختصاصی‌­تر و متفاوت از اشکوب علفی تیپ­‌های بلوط دارمازو و گلابی وحشی بود. به‌عبارتی، جامعه علفی همراه با تیپ بلوط ایرانی با سطوح زیاد عناصر غذایی همبستگی مثبت نشان داد و مؤلفه‌­های اصلی تأثیرگذار بر آن متغیرهای کربن آلی، نیتروژن، پتاسیم، ماسه، ارتفاع و رطوبت اشباع خاک در عمق سطحی بود. تیپ‌­های جنگلی گلابی وحشی و دارمازو نیز در خاک‌­های آهکی و سنگین مناطق کم‌ارتفاع با سطوح کم از نظر عناصر غذایی دیده می‌­شد. به‌نظر می‌­رسد جامعه علفی و خاک تیپ بلوط ایرانی پیرو اشکوب فوقانی کلیماکس، از نظر توالی تحول یافته‌­تر باشد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation on changes in vegetation by effects of environmental factors using conservatism species

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamzeh Jafari Sarabi 1
  • Babak Pilevar 2
  • Kambiz Abrari 3
  • Seyyed Mohammad Vaez-Mousavi 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khoram Abad, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The vegetation ordination and classification based on conservatism species can be better able to analyze the ecological relationships between vegetation and environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate changes in herb layer vegetation of Quercus brantii, Q infectoria, and Pyrus glabra forest types based on conservatism species, at different environmental factors. Tree and herb layer was surveyed using 24 main plots (500m2) and 3 sub-plots (4m2) randomly distributed in each main plots, respectively. Crown canopy, physiographic features, and some edaphic factors were measured in each main plot. Species richness and species frequency were recorded in sub-plots as an abundance index. The relation between environmental factors and herb layer dynamic were investigated by ordination (CCA, PCA & DCA) and classification (TWINSPAN) methods after determining conservatism species. Based on the results of ordination and classification, herbaceous layer in Q. brantii type was significantly different in species composition and physiographic and edaphic factors from Q. infectoria and P. glabra types. Herbaceous layer in Q. brantii type showed a positive correlation with high levels of nutrients and the effective main components were OC, N, K, sand, altitude, and saturated humidity in top soil. The Q. infectoria and P. glabra types were observed in calcareous and heavy soils low elevation with nutrients deficiency. The herbaceous layer and soil in Q. brantii type seems to be more evolved due to climax tree layer.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Conservatism coefficient
  • Herbaceous layer
  • ordination
  • TWINSPAN
  • Zagros forest types

مراجع

- Barnes, B.V., Zak, D.R., Denton, S.R. and Spurr, S.H., 1998. Forest Ecology. 4th Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 774p.
- Beiranvand, R., Beigi, Sh., Azizian, A. and Bozorgi, A.A., 2004. Reservoir plan of Chamhesar, Delfan. Forests, Range and Watershed Management Organization, 105p (In Persian).
-Breuer, L., Huisman, J.A., Keller, T. and Frede, H.G., 2006. Impact of a conversion from cropland tograssland on C and N storage and related properties: analysis of a 60 year chronosequence. Geoderma, 133(1-2): 6-18.
- Cui, B.S., Zhai, H.J., Dong, S.K., Chen, B. and Liu, S.L., 2009. Multivariate analysis of the effects of edaphic and topographical factors on plant distribution in the Yilong lake basin of Yun-Gui Plateau, China. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 89(1): 211-221.
- Evens, J.M., San, S. and Taylor, J., 2004. Vegetation classification and mapping of Peoria Wildlife Area, South of New Melones Lake, Tuolumne County, California. CA. Unpublished Report, California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, 169p.
- Farhadi, P., Soosani, J., Adeli, K. and Alijani, V., 2014. Analysis of Zagros forest structure using neighborhood-based indices (Case study: Ghalehgol forest, Khorramabad). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 22(2): 294-306 (In Persian).
- Fleming, G.M., Diffendorfer, J.E. and Aedler, P.H., 2009. The relative importance of disturbance and exotic- plant abundance in California coastal sage scrub. Ecological Applications, 19(8): 2210- 2227.
- Godefroid, S., Phartyal, S.S., Weyembergh, G. and Koedam, N., 2005. Ecological factors controlling the abundance of non- native invasive black cherry (Prunus serotina) in deciduous forest understory in Belgium. Forest Ecology and Management, 210: 91-105.
- Golay, M.E.G., Thompson, R., Mabry, C.M. and Kolka, R.K., 2013. An investigation of water nutrient levels associated with forest vegetation in highly altered landscapes. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 68(5): 361-371.
- Grime, J.P., 1979. Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 222p.
- Gurarni, D., Arya, N., Yadava, A. and Ram, J., 2010. Studies on plant biodiversity of pure Pinus roxburghii Sarg. forest and mixed pine-oak forest in Uttarakhand Himalaya. New York Science Journal, 3(8): 1-5.
- Hamzeh'ee, B., Khanhasani, M., Khodakarami, Y. and Nemati, P.M., 2008. Floristic and phytosociological study of Chaharzebar forests in Kermanshah. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 16(2): 211-229 (In Persian).
- Jarema, S.I., Samson, J., McGill, B.J. and Humphries, M.M., 2009. Variation in abundance across a species range predicts climate change responses in the range interior will exceed those at the edge: a case study with north American beaver. Global Change Biology, 15(2): 508-522.
- Khanhasani, M., Sagheb-Talebi, Kh., Akhavan, R. and Vardanyan, Zh., 2015. The effect of environmental factors on distribution of three oak species (Q. brantii Lindl., Q. libani Oliv. and Q. infectoria Oliv.) in northern Zagros forests. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 23(3): 549-561 (In Persian).
- Koorem, K. and Moora, M., 2010. Positive association between understory species richness and a dominant shrub species (Corylus avellana) in a boreonemoral spruce forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 260(8): 1407-1413.
- Lumbreras, A., Olives, A., Quintana, J.R., Pardo, C. and Molina, J.A., 2008. Ecology of aquatic Ranunculus communities under the Mediterranean climate. Aquatic Botany, 90(1): 59-66.
- McG Wilson, S., Pyatt, D.G., Malcolm, D.C. and Connolly, T., 2001. The use ofground vegetation and humus type as indicators ofsoil nutrient regime for an ecological siteclassification of British forests. Forest Ecology andManagement, 140(2-3): 101-116.
- Mehdifar, D., Karamian, R., Sagheb-Talebi, Kh. and Sepahvand, M., 2015. Effects of some physical and chemical soil properties on quantitative characteristics of Quercus infectoria Oliv. at Shine Forest of Lorestan province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 23(2): 234-245 (In Persian).
- Mehdifar, D. and Sagheb-Talebi, Kh., 2006. Silvicultural characteristics and site demands of galloak (Quercus infectoria Oliv.) in Shineh, Lorestan province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 14(3): 193-206 (In Persian).
- Mirazadi, Z., Pilehvar, B. and Abrari Vajari, K., 2017.Introducing Conservatism Coefficient and determining it for ground flora in middle Zagros Forest, (Case study: Kakareza Forest, Lorestan province). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 25(1): 70-81 (In Persian).
- Mirdavoodi, H.R., Marvi Mohadjer, M.R., Zahedi Amiri, Gh. and Etemad, V., 2013. Disturbance effects on plant diversity and invasive species in western oak communities of Iran (Case study: Dalab Forest, Ilam). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 21(1): 1-16 (in Persian).
- Nichols, J.D., Perry, J.E. and Deberry, D.A., 2006. Using a floristic quality assessmenttechnique to evaluate plant community integrity of forested wetlands in southeasternVirginia. Natural Areas Journal, 26(4): 360-369.
- Pueyoa, Y., Aladosa, C.L. and Ferrer-Benimeli, C., 2006. Is the analysis of plant community structure better thancommon species-diversity indices for assessing the effects of livestock grazing on a Mediterranean arid ecosystem?. Journal of Arid Environments, 64(4): 698-712.
- Rafahi, H., 1982. Physico-chemical properties and mineralogy of oak forest soils in the west of Iran. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 62(1): 39-48.                    
- Sánchez-González, A. and López-Mata, L., 2005. Plant species richness and diversity along an altitudinal gradient in the Sierra Nevada, Mexico. Diversity and Distributions, 11(6): 567-575.
- Silveria, M.L., Comerford, N.B., Reddy, K.R., Prenger, J. and DeBusk, W.F., 2010. Influence of military land uses on soil carbon dynamics in forest ecosystems of Georgia, USA. Ecological Indicators, 10(4): 905-909.
- Sunil, C., Somashekar, R.K. and Nagaraja, B.C., 2010. Riparian vegetation assessment of Cauvery River Basin of South India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 170(1): 545-553.
- Talebi, M., Sagheb-Talebi, Kh. and Jahanbazi, H., 2010. Site demands and some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Persian pak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province(western Iran). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 14(1): 67-79 (In Persian).
- Zarrinkafsh, M.K., 2002. Forestry Soil. Published by Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, 361p (In Persian).

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار