تأثیر شیوه‌های مختلف ذخیره رطوبت در جنگل‌کاری با نهال‌های ارس (Juniperus excelsa)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 مربی پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور شناخت مؤثرین روش کاشت نهال ارس (Juniperus excelsa M. B.) به‌عنوان یکی از گونه‌های مهم جنگلی کشور، این پژوهش در ایستگاه تحقیقات سیراچال وابسته به مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور انجام شد. نهال‌های سه‌ساله ارس با مبدأ ایستگاه سیراچال به ارتفاعات این ایستگاه منتقل و در قالب آزمایش کرت‌های خرد شده با پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با عامل ذخیره رطوبت (در پنج سطح استفاده از کاه و کلش در کف گوده، استفاده از پلاستیک در کف تشتک، استفاده از مواد سوپرجاذب در خاک گوده، هلالی آبگیر و شاهد) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و سایبان (در دو سطح سایبان طبیعی با استفاده از سرشاخه درختان و شاهد) در سه تکرار و 16 نهال در هر کرت کاشته شدند. متغیرهای اندازه‌گیری شده در پایان فصل رویش سال‌های 1394 و 1395 شامل زنده‌مانی، قطر یقه، ارتفاع نهال، سطح تاج و شادابی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر عامل ذخیره رطوبت بر زنده‌مانی نهال‌های ارس در سال‌های 1394 و 1395 و رویش جاری قطر یقه معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین مقدار مشخصه‌های مذکور در تیمار پلاستیک مشاهده شد، اگرچه بیشترین کاهش زنده‌مانی در گذر از سال 1394 به 1395 نیز به این تیمار اختصاص داشت. سایبان و برهمکنش آن با عامل ذخیره رطوبت هیچ اثر معنی‌داری بر ارتفاع، سطح تاج، شادابی و تغییرات آنها در سال‌های مورد مطالعه نداشتند. به‌طور کلی، نتایج حاکی از موفقیت نهال‌کاری دیم ارس در ارتفاعات فوقانی البرز جنوبی بود. در این راستا، استفاده از پلاستیک در کف تشتک‌های کاشت به‌عنوان شیوه‌ مناسب ذخیره رطوبت پیشنهاد می‌شود، اما استفاده از سایبان توصیه نمی‌شود.                 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of various water storage methods on plantation of Greek juniper (Juniperus excelsa M. B.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Hossein Sadeghzadeh Hallaj 1
  • Hashem Keneshloo 2
  • Mostafa Khoshnevis 3
  • Majid Hassani 1
  • Pejman Parhizkar 2
1 Research Expert, Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
3 Senior Research Expert, Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This research was carried out in Sirachal Research Station in order to identify the best method for Greek juniper (Juniperus excelsa M. B.) afforestation as one of the most important forest species in Iran. Three year-old juniper saplings were transported to Sirachal and were planted in a Split-Plot Randomized Block Design with water harvesting (in 5 treatments including using organs of native plants and shrubs at the bottom of pits, using 1×1 m plastic film at the surface of pits, using Aquasorb polymers mixed with the pits soil, semi-circular bonds and control) as main factor and shading (in 2 level of using tree sprouts as artificial shading and control) as secondary factor in 3 replication and 16 saplings per replication. Measured variables were survival, collar diameter, height, and crown area and sapling vitality at the end of growing season of 2015 and 2016. Results showed that rainwater harvesting had significant effect on survival juniper saplings for both 2014 and 2015 years and current annual increment of collar diameter. The highest value of these parameters was noticed for plastic film treatment though the highest decrease of survival from 2014 to 2015 was noticed for this treatment too. Both rainwater harvesting and shading had no significant effect on height, crown area, vitality and their changes during the studied years. Overall, results confirmed the possibility of rainfed afforestation of Greek juniper in high altitude of Southern Alborz Mountain. To achieve this goal, usage of nylon at the surface of plantation pits is recommended. There is no need to use artificial shading for planted saplings.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Collar diameter
  • height
  • shading
  • southern Alborz Mountain
  • survival

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