ارزیابی تولید و برداشت میوه آلوچه (Prunus divaricata Ledeb) و نقش آن در درآمد خانوارهای جنگل‌نشین (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان رودسر، استان گیلان)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز، اهر، ایران

3 کارشناسی ارشد جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

محصولات غیرچوبی جنگل به‌­طور مستقیم و غیرمستقیم نقش مهمی در اقتصاد خانوارهای روستایی بازی می­‌کنند. زندگی حدود 600 میلیون نفر از افراد کشورهای در حال توسعه به این محصولات وابسته است. در این پژوهش به بررسی وضعیت تولید و برداشت میوه آلوچه (Prunus divaricata Ledeb.) و نقش آن در افزایش درآمد خانوارها در شهرستان رودسر استان گیلان پرداخته شد. برای برآورد مقدار تولید از 30 قطعه‌نمونه یک هکتاری (با ابعاد 100 در 100 متری) به‌صورت تصادفی سیستماتیک آماربرداری انجام شد. برای برآورد مقدار برداشت و تعیین سهم درآمد به‌دست‌آمده از میوه آلوچه در درآمد کل خانوارها از روش مصاحبه نیمه­‌ساختار یافته و مشاهده مستقیم و سرشماری از 120 خانوار سه روستای مورد مطالعه در تابستان سال 1394 استفاده شد. تحلیل همبستگی بین مشخصات درخت و مقدار میوه تولیدی نشان داد که قطر برابر سینه همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری (0/638) با میوه تولیدی داشت. میانگین میوه تولیدی هر پایه 8/5 کیلوگرم و میانگین تعداد در هکتار 13 پایه بود. مقدار کل برداشت بهره‌­برداران از میوه آلوچه درسال 3500 کیلوگرم بود و میانگین برداشت سالانه خانوارها حدود 29 کیلوگرم برآورد شد. درآمد خالص سالانه خانوار از محل برداشت میوه آلوچه در روستاهای مورد مطالعه از 500 هزار ریال تا 2600 هزار ریال تغییر داشت و برای 11 نفر در سال از طریق برداشت میوه شغل ایجاد می­‌شد. با توجه به اینکه درآمد به‌دست‌آمده از میوه آلوچه زیاد نبود، می­‌توان با فرآوری و رساندن محصول به بازارهای اصلی، درآمد به‌دست‌آمده را افزایش داد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the production and collection of plum (Prunus divaricata Ledeb.) fruit and its role on forest dwellers income (Case study: Rudsar, Gilan province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farshad keyvan Behju 1
  • Sajjad Ghanbari 2
  • Ghorban Moradi 3
1 Associate Prof, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 Assistant Prof, Department of Forestry, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3 M.Sc. Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

      Non-wood forest products (NWFPs) play a main role in rural household’s economy directly and indirectly. In developing countries, livelihood of 600 million people depends on these products. NWFPs are important in increasing income and improving the economic situation of rural areas with high forest density. The aim of this research was to estimate the amount of production, collection, role of plum fruit in household’s income at Rudsar county of Guilan province. In order to estimating of fruit production, inventory was done systematically- randomly with 30 sample plots of one hectare (with dimensions of 100 by 100 meters) each. To estimate the collection and contribution of NWFPs in total household income, 120 households was censed at three villages by the semi-structured interviews and direct observations in summer 2015. The correlation analysis between tree traits and fruit production showed that diameter at breast height (DBH) had a high and significant correlation (0.64) with fruit production. The mean fruit production was about 8.5 kg per tree. Average tree density was 13 tree per ha. Total fruit collection and annual average collection by households was 3500 kg and 29 kg, respectively. Net annual household income from fruit harvested varied from 500 to 2600 thousand Rials. The fruit collection creates employment for 11 person’s day per year. We conclude that income of fruit collection is not much and we can increase it by much processing and market expansion.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Collector
  • Correlation
  • household economy
  • PROCESSING
  • semi-structured interview

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