اثر فنوتیپ پایه مادری و دوره آبیاری بر زنده‌مانی و رشد نهال‌های ارس (Juniprus exclesa M. B) در ایستگاه سیراچال

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی پژوهشی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 مربی پژوهشی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی کشور، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناس پژوهشی،‌ مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی کشور، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ، تهران، ایران

5 استادیار، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

جنس ارس (Juniperus) در ایران از نظر گستره پراکنش پس از بنه رتبه دوم را در میان گونه‎های درختی به‌خود اختصاص می‌­دهد. وسعت رویشگاه‌­های ارس به‌دلیل زاد­آوری طبیعی محدود آن در حال کاهش است، بنابراین احیای رویشگاه­‌های آن از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. در این پژوهش، اثر فنوتیپ پایه مادری و دوره آبیاری بر زنده‌­مانی و مشخصه‌های رویشی نهال‌های ارس در ایستگاه سیراچال به مدت چهار سال مطالعه شد. بیست نهال تولید شده از سه گروه از درختان با فنوتیپ پایه مادری A (تنه صاف)، B (تنه خمیده) و C (توان بذردهی زیاد) در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در سه تکرار در سال 1389 کاشته شدند. تیمار آبیاری نهال­‌ها در چهار سطح شاهد (بدون آبیاری)، 15 روز یک‌بار (6 نوبت در سال)، 30 روز یک‌بار (سه نوبت در سال) و 45 روز یک‌بار (دو نوبت در سال) در سال اول پس از کاشت اعمال شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد که در سال اول، تأثیر تیمار آبیاری بر متغیرهای رویش جاری قطر، ارتفاع و سطح تاج و تیمار فنوتیپ پایه مادری فقط بر رویش جاری قطر معنی‌دار بود. در سال دوم نیز فقط اثر فنوتیپ پایه مادری برسطح تاج معنی­‌دار بود. در مجموع پس از گذشت چهار سال، فقط اثر تیمار آبیاری بر سطح تاج معنی­‌دار بود. یافته­‌ها نشان داد که یک نوبت آبیاری در زمان کاشت به‌عنوان یک ضرورت مهم در استقرار نهال­‌های ارس است و در احیای رویشگاه‌­ها باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد. با توجه به نتایج به‌نظر می­‌رسد، نوع درخت مادری نیز در احیای رویشگاه تأثیرگذار بوده و انتخاب بذر از درختان گروه C می­‌تواند در موفقیت برنامه احیای رویشگاه­ سیراچال مؤثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of maternal tree phenotype and irrigation on survival and growth of Greek juniper (Juniperus excelsa M. B.) seedlings in Sirachal research station

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Khoshnevis 1
  • Maryam Teimouri 2
  • Mohammad Hosein Sadeghzadeh Hallaj 3
  • Mohammad Matinizadeh 4
  • Anoushirvan Shirvany 5
1 Senior Research Expert, Research institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Senior Research Expert, Research institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Research Expert, Research institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Prof., Research institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
5 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The Juniperus habitat has the second most natural distribution in Iran after the pistachio. The habitat area of Junipers has decreased due to its low rate of natural regeneration which makes the rehabilitation of this species very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal treemorphology and irrigation on survival and growth parameters of Greek juniper (J. excelsa M. B.) in Sirachal research station in a four years period. Twenty produced seedlings from three different maternal treemorphology including A (cylindrical), B (non-cylindrical) and C (high production of seed) were planted in Sirachal research station as complete random blocks in split plots with three replications in 2010. Seedlings were irrigated every fifteen, thirty and forty days in the first year. Controls were not irrigated. Statistical analysis showed that in the first year, the effect of irrigation was significant on growth parameters including current diameter growth, current height growth and crown cover. The effect of maternal treemorphology was significant only on current diameter growth in the first year. In the second year, only the effect of maternal treemorphology was significant on crown cover. After four years of measurement, the effect of irrigation was significant on crown cover. According to our finding, it seems, irrigation for one time in planting time, is an important necessity for Juniper establishment and should be concerned in rehabilitation of habitats.  In addition, due to the effects of maternal treemorphology on seedlings survival, establishment and growth, using trees with C morphology will be effective in juniperus rehabilitation habitat.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Current diameter growth
  • establishment
  • growth monitoring
  • survival
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