بازسازی جنگل تخریب شده با استفاده از گونه‌های بومی و غیربومی: بررسی حاصلخیزی خاک و کیفیت توده (مطالعه موردی: چمستان- استان مازندران)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت‌مدرس، نور، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌داری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد جنگل‌داری دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت‌مدرس، نور، ایران

4 کارشناس ارشد جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

5 استادیار گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت‌مدرس، نور، ایران

6 استاد گروه جنگل‌داری دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت‌مدرس، نور، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش به بررسی اثرات پنج توده­ جنگل‌کاری شده 20ساله با گونه‌های پلت (Acer velutinum Boiss.)، کریپتومریا (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don.)، زربین (Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis (Mill.) Gord.)، کاج تدا (Pinus taeda L.) و یک توده آمیخته بر حاصل­خیزی خاک می‌پردازد. همچنین، مقایسه کیفیت توده­‌های مذکور با جنگل طبیعی به‌منظور انتخاب گونه مناسب برای کاشت در مناطق پایین‌بند جنگل­‌های هیرکانی از اهداف این پژوهش بود. در هر توده، پنج قطعه‌­نمونه مربعی شکل (400 متر مربعی) به­‌صورت منظم- تصادفی مشخص شدند و مشخصه‌های کمی و کیفی درختان ثبت شد. همچنین، از سه عمق صفر تا 15، 30-15 و 45-30 سانتی‌متری خاک به‌صورت ترکیبی نمونه‌­برداری شد و مشخصه‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان‌­دهنده تأثیر معنی‌دار توده‌­های مورد مطالعه بر مشخصه­‌های مورد بررسی بود. توده­ کاج تدا بیشترین (6/4) و توده پلت کمترین (5/5) مقدار اسیدیته، توده­ طبیعی بیشترین (ds/m2 0/18) و توده کریپتومریا کمترین (ds/m2 0/06) مقدار هدایت الکتریکی را داشتند. در توده­ کاج تدا بیشترین مقدار کربن آلی (1/29 درصد) و ازت کل (0/36 درصد) و در توده طبیعی کمترین مقدار کربن آلی (1/03 درصد) و ازت کل (0/08 درصد) مشاهده شد. توده‌ آمیخته بیشترین (g/Kg 1/9) و توده کریپتومریا کمترین (g/Kg 1/8) مقدار فسفر را داشتند. همچنین، توده­ پلت بیشترین (t/ha 292830) و توده طبیعی کمترین (t/ha 223920) مقدار ترسیب کربن را داشتند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که توده­‌های سوزنی‌­برگ از نظر ویژگی­‌های کیفی و عناصر غذایی موفق­‌تر عمل کرده‌اند، در حالی­‌که از نظر ویژگی­‌های کمی و مقدار انباشتگی کربن خاک، توده­‌های پهن‌­برگ موفق‌­تر بودند. در مجموع و با توجه به شرایط منطقه، توده‌­های پهن­‌برگ در مقایسه با توده­‌‌های سوزنی­‌برگ از موفقیت بیشتری برخوردار بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Restoration of degraded forest using native and exotic species: Investigation on soil productivity and stand quality (Case study: Chamestan-Mazandaran province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Razieh Rafiei Jahed 1
  • Mohammad Ali Fakhari 2
  • Jamshid Eslamdoust 3
  • Mahboubeh Fashat 4
  • Yahya Kooch 5
  • Seyyed Mohsen Hosseini 6
1 M.Sc. Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resource and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student Forestry, Sari Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resource University, Sari, Iran
3 M.Sc. Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resource and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
4 M.Sc. Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resource and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
5 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resource and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
6 Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resource and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
چکیده [English]

After 20 years, the effects of five plantations of Acer velutinum Boiss., Cryptomaria japonica D. Don., Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis (Mill.) Gord., Pinus taeda L.and mixed stand on soil fertility and quality of the stands were investigated and compared with natural forest to determine the appropriate species for planting in low land of Hyrcanian forests. Five 400 m2 plots were selected randomly- systematic in each stand. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics were recorded. Also, within each plot soil in 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm depths were sampled. The results showed significant effect of reforestation on pH, EC, bulk density, organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon sequestration in the soil. According to the result, P. taedahas the highest pH (4/6) while A. velutinum has the lowest pH (5.5), natural forest stand has the highest (18/0 ds/m) whereas C. japonica has the lowest (06/0 ds/m) EC. Pinus taeda has the highest organic carbon content (1.29%) and total nitrogen (0.36%) but the natural forest has the lowest amount of organic carbon (1.03%) and total nitrogen (0.08%). The mixed stand has the highest phosphorus (1.9 g/kg) and C. japonica has the lowest one (1.8 g/kg). The A. velutinum has the greatest (292830 Mg/ha) while the natural forest has the lowest (223920 Mg/ha) amount of carbon sequestration. The results showed the conifer stands have been more successful in terms of tree quality characteristic while broadleaf stands were more successful in the quantitative characteristic. Finally, it can be claimed that broadleaves stands were more successful in compare with conifer stands.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broadleaves
  • Carbon sequestration
  • Conifers
  • Growth Characteristics
  • natural forest
  • reforestation

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