تولید و ارزیابی برخی ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی نونهال‌های میکوریزی پسته جنگلی (Pistacia vera)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

4 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زادآوری پسته جنگلی (Pistacia vera L.) که جنگل‌های طبیعی آن در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک ایران پراکنش دارند، به‌دلیل توسعه تخریب ناشی از فعالیت‌های انسان و افزایش تنش‌های محیط به‌شدت کاهش یافته است. یکی از شیوه‌های نوین بازسازی و احیای جنگل‌های تخریب‌شده، استفاده از فن‌آوری تولید نهال میکوریزی در طرح‌های جنگل‌کاری است. پژوهش پیش‌رو با هدف تولید نهال میکوریزی پسته جنگلی، ارزیابی برخی ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی نونهال آن و برآورد هزینه تولید انجام شد. جمع‌آوری بذر از پنج درخت مادری در یک توده خالص پسته جنگلی در منطقه قازان‌قایه (استان گلستان) انجام شد. بذرهای تازه جوانه‌زده پس از تلقیح شدن با Funneliformis mosseae C. Walker & A. Schuessler (= Glomus mosseae T.H. Nicolson & Gerd.) که قارچ میکوریزی غالب در ریزوسفر درختان مادری بود، در گلدان کاشته شدند. پنجاه نونهال میکوریزی و 50 نونهال شاهد طی یک فصل رویش در شرایط فضای باز (خارج از گلخانه) رشد کردند. تفاوت ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی نونهال‌های میکوریزی و شاهد ازنظر میانگین‌های طول ساقه، قطر یقه، تعداد جوانه و تعداد شاخه در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد معنی‌دار بود. درنتیجه همزیستی میکوریزی، میانگین رشد طولی نونهال‌ها حدود 60 درصد و میانگین رشد قطر یقه آنها حدود 40 درصد افزایش یافت. علاوه‌بر این، تعداد جوانه نونهال‌های میکوریزی حدود 67 درصد و تعداد شاخه آنها حدود 51 درصد بیشتر از نونهال‌های شاهد بود. هزینه تولید نونهال میکوریزی 2/3 برابر بیشتر از نونهال‌های شاهد برآورد شد. تلفات نونهال‌های میکوریزی 10 درصد و تلفات نونهال‌های شاهد 30 درصد بود. بین درصد کلونیزاسیون قارچ با ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی نونهال‌های پسته جنگلی همبستگی معنی‌داری وجود داشت. برای مدیریت پایدار جنگل‌های طبیعی پسته که امروزه با کاهش شدید زادآوری مواجه هستند، می‌توان با استفاده از فن‌آوری تولید نهال میکوریزی و کاهش تلفات، هزینه جنگل‌کاری را کاهش داد و تعداد نهال مستقرشده را افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Producing and evaluating some morphological characteristics of common pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Mycorrhizal seedlings

نویسندگان [English]

  • Touran Feyzi Kamareh 1
  • Ramin Rahmani 2
  • Hasan Soltanloo 3
  • Mohammad Matinizade 4
1 Ph.D. Student Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
4 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Regeneration of natural Pistachio forests of Iran distributed in arid and semi-arid regions have been disturbed by human activities and environmental stresses. One of the modern methods of reforestation in disturbed forests is utilization of mycorrhizal seedlings in reforestation projects. In this research mycorrhizal seedlings of common pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) was produced under environmental condition and fungi symbiosis effect on one year seedling growth characteristics were evaluated. At the first step, the most frequent species of arbuscular mycorrhizae were identified Funneliformis mosseae C. Walker & A. Schuessler (= Glomus mosseae T.H. Nicolson & Gerd.) and seeds of host trees were gathered for cultivation. After a growing season, some of the morphological characteristics such as stem length, collar diameter, shoot numbers and number of branches were calculated within 100 seedlings (50 seedlings per treatment) and compared with control. A significant different were observed between studied parameters (p < 0.01). Results revealed 60% stem length, 40% collar diameter, 67% bud number and 51% branches numbers increment in compare with control. The producing cost per mycorrhizal seedling was 2.3 times higher than non mycorrhizal seedling. Wasting percentage per seedling was 10% for mycorrhizal seedlings and 30% for non mycorrhizal seedlings. Significant correlation was observed between colonization percentage and morphological factors of pistachios seedling. These results have a sharp message for utilization of mycorrhizal seedlings in rehabilitation project of this species.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arid and semi-arid regions
  • Inoculation
  • regeneration
  • seed

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تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران
دوره 25، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 67
فروردین 1396
صفحه 115-106

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