تغییرات فصلی کربوهیدراتهای غیرساختمانی و آنزیم آمیلاز در شاخه‌های برودار Quercus brantii var. persica (Jaub. & Spach) Zohary

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 اعضای هیأت علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

2 استاد دانشگاه منابع طبیعی و علوم زیستی (Boku) وین، اتریش.

چکیده

بلوط ایرانی brantii var. persicaQuercus یکی از ارزشمندترین گونه‌های درختی است که در مناطق غربی ایران به ‌فراوانی گسترش دارد. این گونه به شرایط سخت محیطی مانند زمستانهای سرد، تابستانهای گرم، دورة خشکی طولانی و ارتفاع زیاد سازگار است. برای دستیابی به روند برخی تغییرات و الگوهای فیزیولوژیکی مؤثر برای حضور بلوط در شرایط محیطی خود، یک منطقة به ‌نسبت دست‌نخورده (بکر) در استان چهار محال و بختیاری انتخاب گردید و در یک دوره یکساله، تغییرات کربوهیدراتهای غیرساختمانی با روشهای آنزیمی و تغییرات کیفی آمیلاز با استفاده از الکتروفورز (با ژل ترکیبی پلی آکریل آمید و نشاسته) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت کربوهیدراتهای محلول (گلوکوز، فروکتوز و ساکاروز) در اسفند (قبل از باز شدن جوانه‌ها) بیش از دی بود. غلظت گلوکوز و فروکتوز پس از باز شدن جوانه‌ها و ظهور برگها افزایش یافت و این روند تا بعد از دوره خشکی‌ (شهریور) ادامه داشت. درحالی‌که در همین دورة زمانی از مقدار ساکاروز و نشاسته به آرامی کاسته ‌شد. پس از پایان تابستان و کاهش دمای محیط مقدار کل کربوهیدراتهای غیر ساختمانی در آبان افزایش یافت. در دی میزان نشاسته خیلی کم ولی میزان کربوهیدراتهای محلول زیاد بود. نتایج نشان داد که درختان بلوط برای فراهم کردن انرژی لازم برای انجام فرایندهای متابولیسمی خود در زمستانهای سرد و تابستانهای خشک از ذخایر قندی خود استفاده می‌کنند. مقدار کل کربوهیدراتهای ساختمانی از 5/18 تا 25/37 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن خشک متغیر بود. تغییرات فصلی آمیلاز با تغییرات غلظت قندهای گلوکوز و نشاسته در دوره بررسی مطابقت نشان داد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Seasonal changes of non-structural carbohydrates and amylase in twigs of Quercus brantii var. persica (Jaub. & Spach) Zohary

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Matinizadeh 1
  • Soodabeh Korori 1
  • Mostafa Khoshnevis 1
  • Maryam Teimouri 1
  • Werner Praznik 2
1 Members of scientific board, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
2 Prof. University of Nature Resources and Applied Life Science (Boku), Vienna, Austria
چکیده [English]

 
Quercus brantii var. persica (oak manna tree) is a valuable tree species in forests of western Iran. This species has been adapted to rough conditions of its habitat such as extreme summer and winter, long drought period and high elevation. For determining physiological patterns and alteration related to the establishment of oak in this environment, the changes of total non- structural carbohydrates and amylase activity in oak trees were studied in a less manipulated habitat during an annual cycle. The amount of total non- structural carbohydrates and amylase activity were measured by enzymatic and electrophoresis (PAGE) methods. Results indicated that non- structural carbohydrates concentration (glucose, fructose and sucrose) in March (before bud burst) was more than January ones. After bud burst and leaf expansion, when photosynthetic activity was high and after the beginning of drought period the concentrations of glucose and fructose increased continuously to September. Contrariwise the amount of sucrose and starch decreased slowly during this period. After summer and with falling temperatures, the total non-structural carbohydrates increased in November. In January, the content of starch was very low but the level of soluble carbohydrates was high. Thus the energy supply for metabolic processes in trees is secured during cold and hard winter seasons. Total non-structural carbohydrates ranged from 18.5 to 37.25 mg gdm-1. Seasonal changes of α-amylases coincided considerably with changes of starch and glucose concentrations of oak manna trees during the investigation period.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • amylase
  • Quercus brantii var. persica
  • Seasonal changes
  • total non- structural carbohydrates

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