اثر جنگل‌کاری گونه‌های مختلف اکالیپتوس بر خصوصیات خاک جنگلی در استان گیلان

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

2 مربی پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

3 استاد پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

4 کارشناس ارشد، شرکت سهامی جنگل شفارود

چکیده

هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثرات مثبت و منفی کاشت شش گونه اکالیپتوس بر خصوصیات مختلف خاک عرصه جنگل‌کاری می‌باشد. بدین منظور این تحقیق در ایستگاه شیخ‌نشین شرکت شفارود استان گیلان که شش گونه اکالیپتوس شامل: E. camaldulensis، E. macarthurii، E. maidenii، E. rubida، E. salignaو E. viminalis در قالب طرح آزمایشی بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار، با فاصله کاشت 2×2 متر و به تعداد 100 اصله در هر کرت آزمایشی در سال 1362 کاشته شده بودند، انجام شد. در هر واحد آزمایشی (از جمله تیمار شاهد) بررسی خصوصیات فیزیکی- شیمیایی خاک انجام گردید. بررسی‌های خاک‌شناسی با تهیه یک نمونه خاک در هر واحد آزمایشی به‌وسیله اوگر تا عمق60 سانتی‌متری (28 نمونه با در نظر گرفتن چهار نمونه برای چهار واحد آزمایشی شاهد) انجام شد. مطالعه مورفولوژی خاک با حفر سه نیمرخ به عمق 5/1 متر در سه قطعه اکالیپتوس، صنوبر و جنگل مخروبه بلوط و نمونه‌برداری چهار نمونه از چهار افق هر نیمرخ (در مجموع 12 نمونه) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که میان شش گونه اکالیپتوس از نظر خصوصیات خاک شامل درصد لای، وزن خشک لاشبرگها، وزن مخصوص ظاهری، مقاومت به فروروی، اسیدیته و فسفر، اختلاف معنی‌دار وجود دارد. نیمرخ خاک در سه قطعه اکالیپتوس، صنوبر و جنگل مخروبه از چهار افق A، AC، B و C تشکیل شده بود. عمق ریشه‌دوانی در قطعات اکالیپتوس، صنوبر و جنگل مخروبه بلوط به‌ترتیب 100، 85 و150 سانتی‌متر بود. به‌طور کلی، جنگل‌کاری اکالیپتوس قادر بوده است که نقش مثبتی در بهبود ساختمان و تخلخل خاک، به‌ویژه در سطح خاک داشته باشد، زیرا فشردگی خاک واحدهای آزمایشی مربوط به گونه‌های مورد آزمایش به میزان بسیار معنی‌داری کمتر از واحدهای شاهد بوده است، به‌نحوی که از نظر مقاومت به فروروی که شاخصی دقیقتر از وزن مخصوص ظاهریست، میان گونه‌ها از این نظر اختلاف معنی‌داری دیده نمی‌شود ولی فشردگی قسمت شاهد در حد زیاد است. همچنین اسیدیته خاک پس از 22 سال کاهش یافته، اما مقدار آن کمتر از یک واحد بوده است

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of different Eucalypt species on forest soil properties in Guilan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hosayn Sardabi 1
  • Ahmad Rahmani 1
  • Behnam Hamze 2
  • Mohammad Hasan Assareh 3
  • Mahmood Ghorany 4
1 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
2 Senior research expert, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
3 Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
4 Senior expert, Shafaroud Forest Joint Stock Company, Guilan Province
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate the positive or negative effects of eucalypt plantation on different soil properties. For this reason, an eucalypt trial consisting of six species: E. camaldulensis, E. macarthurii, E. maidenii, E. rubida, E. saligna, E. viminalis which were planted in 1983 in Sheikh-Neshin state of Shafarud Company in Guilan province under experimental design of Randomized Complete Blocks with four replications at 2×2 m spacing and total number of 100 seedlings at each plot, was used for this research. Soil samples were taken from each plot, including four control ones by auger up to 60 cm. depth (totally 28 samples). Soil morphology was studied by digging three soil profiles at the eucalypt site and two adjacent parcels, including poplar plantation and the oak forest. Soil samples were taken from four soil horizons of each profile (totally 12 samples). Results showed that the species have differed significantly in respect to only few soil properties, including silt percentage, litter dry weight, bulk density, penetration resistance, pH and phosphorous amount. The soil profiles at the eucalypt site and the two adjacent sites of poplar plantation and oak forest consisted of four horizons, including A, AC, B and C. Root development at eucalypt, poplar and oak sites limited to 100, 85 and 150 cm soil depth, respectively. Overall, eucalypt plantation was able to improve soil structure and porosity, particularly at topsoil. Although there was intensive livestock traffic in the eucalypt site, but soil compaction was significantly less than the control plots and there was not significant difference between the eucalypt species in response to penetration resistance. Eucalypt plantation after 22 years reduced soil pH, but it was less than one unit.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Eucalyptus
  • soil
  • fertility
  • Compaction

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تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران
دوره 18، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 39
فروردین 1389
صفحه 131-116

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