تأثیر مقدار ترافیک بر فرسایش سطحی جاده جنگلی (مطالعه موردی: جنگل کوهمیان- آزادشهر)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی جنگل، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی

2 استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی

3 استاد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی

4 استادیار، گروه منابع طبیعی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی

چکیده

تولید رسوب از مهمترین اثرهای بعد از ساخت جاده­های جنگلی می باشد. امروزه فرسایش خاک و پیامدهای ناشی از آن، به یکی از مهمترین معضلات زیست‌محیطی تبدیل شده است. فرایند فرسایش جاده شامل جدا شدن ذرات و حمل رسوب توسط جریان آب یا رواناب به قسمت­های پایین‌دست جاده یا ورود به سیستم­های رودخانه­ای می­باشد. بنابراین برآورد مقدار رسوب حاصل از جاده­های جنگلی از اهمیت ویژه­ای برخوردار است. در این مطالعه به بررسی تأثیر مقدار ترافیک بر تولید رواناب و رسوب جاده جنگلی با استفاده از شبیه‌ساز باران پرداخته شد. با استقرار باران­ساز و پلات یک مترمربعی روی سطح جاده، شبیه­سازی باران در مدت زمان 30 دقیقه و شدت 81 میلی­متر بر ساعت انجام و رواناب تولیدی از خروجی پلات جمع­آوری شد. نتایج حکایت از اختلاف معنی­دار رواناب و رسوب دو جاده و میانگین مقدار رواناب برای جاده با ترافیک بالا و پایین به‌ترتیب 1/49 و1/22 لیتر بر مترمربع و میانگین مقدار رسوب به‌ترتیب 41/166 و 75/36 گرم بر مترمربع داشت. معنی­دار بودن اثر ترافیک بر مقدار رسوب و رواناب تأیید کننده این امر است که تعیین استاندارد و مقدار مصالح در مرحله ساخت و تعمیر و نگهداری باید با در نظر گرفتن ترافیک قابل انتظار انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of traffic on forest road surface erosion (Case study: Kohmian forest- Azadshahr)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Moghadami 1
  • Ehsan Abdi 2
  • Mohsen Mohseni Saravi 3
  • Hamed Rouhani 4
  • Bareis Majnounian 3
1 M.Sc. student, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
2 Assistant professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
3 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
4 Assistant professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad e Kavoos
چکیده [English]

Sediment production is one of the most consequences of forest road construction. Soil erosion and its consequences is one of the major environmental problems. Erosion of unpaved roads occurs when soil particles are loosened and carried from the road into the drainage system and rivers. So estimating the amount of sediment delivered from forest roads is an important issue. In this study the effect of traffic on sediment and runoff yield was assessed using a rainfall simulator. Setting up the simulator with 1×1 plot, rainfall simulation was conducted during a 30 minute period and the resulted rain fall was collected in the outlet of plot. The results showed significant difference between run off and sediment yield of two traffic classes. Sediment delivered from the road surface with high and low traffic classes were 166.41 and 36.75 g/m2, respectively whereas run off rates for roads with high and low traffic classes were 49.1 and 22.1 lit/ m2. Significant effect of traffic on run off and sediment yield shows the importance of considering standard materials in road construction and maintenance. Considering the impact of traffic on amount of sediment and runoff, is elemental in planning, construction, and maintenance of forest roads.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • road traffic
  • runoff production
  • sediment production
  • Rainfall Simulation

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