مقایسه تنوع بی‌مهرگان لاشبرگ عرصه‌های جنگل طبیعی و جنگل‌کاری‌های پهن‌برگ و سوزنی‌برگ در مازندران (مطالعه موردی: دارابکلا)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران

2 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

3 دانشیار، دانشکده علوم جنگل و فناوری چوب و کاغذ، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

4 کارشناس ارشد، اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان مازندران

چکیده

بااهمیت­ترین نقش بی­مهرگان لاشبرگ، تجزیه لاشبرگ­ها و کمک در چرخه عناصر غذایی است. این تحقیق به ارزیابی تنوع بی­مهرگان لاشبرگ در عرصه­های جنگل‌کاری 20 ساله توسکای ییلاقی، پلت، بلندمازو، زربین و عرصه جنگل طبیعی مجاور آنها در منطقه دارابکلا می­پردازد. جهت بررسی در هر تیمار، ابتدا یک عرصه یک هکتاری تعیین و در آن ده پلات 100 مترمربعی با ابعاد شبکه 10×10 متر به‌صورت سیستماتیک تصادفی انتخاب شد. در هر فصل کلیه لاشبرگ­های موجود در میکروپلات­های یک مترمربعی جمع­آوری و به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید. در طول چهار فصل، بی­مهرگان لاشبرگ در 200 میکروپلات یک مترمربعی مورد شناسایی و شمارش قرار گرفت. همچنین در هر مرحله از نمونه­برداری، متغیرهای متعددی از ویژگی­های توده، لاشبرگ و خاک اندازه‌گیری شد. تنوع بی­مهرگان لاشبرگ نیز با استفاده از شاخص­های شانون و سیمپسون تعیین گردید. براساس نتایج تحقیق حاضر روند کاهش مقادیر تنوع بی­مهرگان لاشبرگ (سیمپسون) به‌ترتیب شامل عرصه­های جنگل‌کاری توسکا، پلت، عرصه جنگل طبیعی و جنگل‌کاریهای زربین و بلندمازو بوده است. همچنین تجزیه و تحلیل مؤلفه­های اصلی نشان داد که تغییرات فصلی تنوع بی­مهرگان لاشبرگ، تحت تأثیر متغیرهای درجه حرارت، تاج‌پوشش، شدت نور نسبی، رطوبت لاشبرگ، رطوبت خاک و مقادیر فسفر و نسبت کربن آلی بر فسفر لاشبرگ می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation on litter invertebrates diversity at natural forests and reforestations of hardwood and softwood in Mazandaran(Case study: Darabkola)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shirzad Mohammadnezhad Kiasari 1
  • Khosro Sagheb-Talebi 2
  • Ramin Rahmani 3
  • Dina Dastangoo 4
1 Prof., Agricultural & Natural Resources Research Center of Mazandaran
2 Accosiate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
3 Accosiate Prof, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Wood & Paper Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
4 Forest Expert, Mazandaran General Office of Natural Resources and Watershed Management
چکیده [English]

The most important role of the litter invertebrates is leaf litter decomposition and helping of nutrient elements cycling. The objective of this study was to evaluate litter invertebrates dversity within 20 years old plantations of alder (Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey.), maple (Acer velutinum Bioss.), oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey.), cypress (Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis) and natural forest in Darabkola (Mazandaran-Iran). For this purpose, one sample plot, each 1 ha was selected in every plantation as well as in the natural stand. In each sample plot 10 micro plots, each 100 m2 were selected random-systematically. Litter invertebrates were sampled by removing, by hand, all leaf litter in 100×100 cm quadrats. Fifty samples were taken each time and during four seasons 200 samples were taken.  Invertebrates were separated out visually in the lab and transferred to 95% alchol, after sorting and counting. More over, various parameters of the stands and soils were measured in each micro plot. For determination of soil invertebrates diversity in these treatments, Shannon and Simpson indices were used, while for determination of species richness and equatibility, Margalef and Heip indices were applied. The results of this research showed that although the differences between the annual means of litter invertebrates diversity was not statistically significant in studied sites (p=0.05), but the decreasing of diversity index in these treatments was respectively as reforestations of alder, maple, natural forest with cypress and oak reforestations. Also the analysis of PCA showed that the parameters of temperature, crown canopy, relative light intensity, moisture content of soil and litter and the amount of P and C/P of litter take an important role in seasonal differences of litter invertebrates diversity in treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • richness
  • evenness
  • nutrient elements cycling
  • ALDER
  • MAPLE
  • Oak
  • Cypress

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