تأثیر جنگل‌کاری با گونه‌های توسکا قشلاقی (.Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn) و کاج تدا (.Pinus taeda L) روی فعالیت و زی‌توده میکروبی خاک (مطالعه موردی: منطقه گیسوم- غرب استان گیلان)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان

2 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جنگل شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

خواص زیستی خاک مناسب‌ترین شاخص‌ برای تعیین کیفیت خاک می­باشد، زیرا با چرخه‌های غذایی، تنفس خاک، زی‌توده میکروبی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های خاک ارتباط دارند. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر دو توده همسال و مجاور هم، کاج تدا (Pinus taeda L.) و توده­ طبیعی توسکای قشلاقی (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) بر فعالیت آنزیم­های دهیدروژناز و اوره­آز و زی‌توده میکروبی و برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در غرب استان گیلان انجام شد. در این دو توده از دو عمق 10-0 و 10 تا 20 سانتی‌متری نمونه‌ خاک برداشت شد. فعالیت آنزیم‌های دهیدروژناز و اوره‌آز و زی‌توده میکروبی با استفاده از واکنش با سوبسترا و توسط اسپکتروفتومتر سنجش گردید. بافت خاک، جرم مخصوص ظاهری و حقیقی، درصد رطوبت، pH، کربن آلی، ازت کل، فسفر قابل جذب و پتاسیم محلول نیز در این دو توده بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که آنزیم دهیدروژناز و اوره‌آز، زی‌توده میکروبی، کربن، ازت و پتاسیم در بین دو توده اختلاف معنی‌داری داشت که مقدار آنزیم­های اوره‌آز و دهیدروژناز و همچنین میزان زی‌توده میکروبی، کربن آلی و ازت در توده طبیعی توسکا بیشتر از توده دست کاشت کاج تدا بود. غلظت همه آنزیم­های اندازه‌گیری شده با زی‌توده میکروبی، کربن آلی، ازت، pH، پتاسیم، بافت و تخلخل خاک همبستگی معنی‌دار را نشان دادند. براساس نتایج این تحقیق می­توان عنوان نمود که توده توسکای قشلاقی نسبت به کاج تدا شرایط مناسب‌تری را برای تولید مواد آلی، زی‌توده میکروبی و فعالیت میکروارگانیسم­های خاک فراهم آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation on effect of forest plantation of Alnus ghutinosa L. (Gaertn.) and Pinus taeda L. on soil microbial activity and biomass (case study: Geisom site, west of Guilan province, Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Salehi 1
  • Mohammad Matinizadeh 2
  • Jelveh Tamjidi 3
1 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan
2 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
3 Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan
چکیده [English]

Biological property is a best indicator for soil quality identification due to its relationships with soil nutrient cycle, respiration, microbial biomass and enzymes activity. The aim of the research was to study the influence of two even-aged and adjacent stands of loblolly pine (Alnus glutinosa L. (Gaertn.) and alder (Pinus taeda L.) on activity of dehydrogenase and urease enzymes, microbial biomass and some of the soil chemical and physical properties at west of Guilan province. Soil sampling was made up to 20 cm depth of soil surface (0-10 and 10-20cm). Dehydrogenase and urease enzymes activities and microbial biomass were measured, using the substrate reaction method and application of spectrophotometer device. The tested soil properties consisted of: texture, bulk density, mean particle density, moisture content, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The results showed that there were significant differences between the two stands in respect to amounts of dehydrogenase and urease enzymes, microbial biomass, carbon, nitrogen and potassium. The amount of urease and dehydrogenase enzymes, microbial biomass, organic carbon and nitrogen in alder stand was more than in the loblooly Pine stand. There were significant correlations between the enzymes density and microbial biomass, organic carbon, nitrogen, pH, potassium, soil texture and soil porosity. Overall, it might be concluded that the alder stand provided better condition for organic matter and microbial production and microbial biomass development and activity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • soil
  • Enzyme
  • Urease
  • dehydrogenase
  • Microbial biomass
  • Alnus glotinosa
  • Pinus taeda

مراجع

- Acosta-Martínez, V. and Tabatabai, M.A., 2001. Tillage and residue management effects on arylamidase activity in soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 34: 21-24.
- Acosta-Martínez, V., Klose, S. and Zobeck, T.M., 2003. Enzyme activities in semiarid soils under Conservation Reserve Program, native rangeland, and cropland. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 166: 699-707.
- Ali Ahmad Korori, S., Jalili, A., Khoshnevis M., Matinizadeh M., Shirvany A., Teimouri M. and Rahmani A., 2003. Losses inflicted on plant communities (uncultivated) in southern ecosystems of Iran as a consequence of the Iraq-Kuwait war in 1991. UNCC claim number 5000427 Report, 95 p.
- Allison, S.D., Gartner, T.B., Holland, K.,Weintraub, M. and Sinsabaugh, R.L., 2007. Soil Enzymes: Linking Proteomics and Ecological Processes. ASM Press: 704-711
- Anonymous, 1996. Final report of revision project of district No. 1 in Asalem. Published by Shafaroud company, 309 p.
- Augusto, L., Ranger, J., Binkley, D. and Rothe, A., 2002. Impact of several common tree species of European temperate forests on soil fertility. Annals of Forest Science, 59: 233-254.
- Badiane, N.N.Y., Chotte, J.L. and Pate, E., 2001. Use of soil enzyme activities to monitor soil quality in natural and improved fallows in semi-arid tropical regions. Applied Soil Ecology, 18: 229-238.
- Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K. and He, Z.L., 2001. Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Communication of Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 32: 921-950.
- Balser, T.C. and Firestone, M.K., 2005. Linking microbial community composition and soil processes in a California annual grassland and mixed-conifer forest. Biogeochemistry, 73: 395-415.
- Bandick, A.K. and Dick, R., 1999. Field management effects on soil enzyme activities. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 31: 1471-1479.
- Berg, B. and Staaf, H., 1987. Release of nutrients from decomposing white birch leaves and Scots pine needle litter. Pedobiologia, 30: 55-63.
- Binkley, D. and Sollins, P., 1990. Factors determining in soil pH in adjacent conifer and alder-conifer stands. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 54: 1427-1433.
- Caldwell, B.A., Griffiths, R.P. and Sollins, P., 1999. Soil enzyme response to vegetation disturbance in two lowland Costa Rican soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31: 1603-1608.
- Chen, H.J., 2000. Phosphatase activity and P fractions in soils of an 18-year old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation. Forest Ecology and Management, 178: 301-310.
- Chodak, M. and Niklińska, M., 2010. The effect of different tree species on the chemical and microbial properties of reclaimed mine soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 6: 555-566.
- Cook, B.D. and Allan, D.L., 1992. Dissolved organic carbon in old field soils: total amounts as a measure of available resources for soil mineralization. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 24: 585-594.
- Deng, S.P. and Tabatabai, M.A., 1996. Effect of tillage and residue management on enzyme activities in soils. II. Glycosidases. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 22: 208-213.
- Dick, W.A., 1984. Influence of long-term tillage and crop rotation combination on soil enzyme activities. Soil Science Society American Journal, 48: 569-574.
- Fakhari-Rad, M., 2005. Studying effect of planting Pinus taeda on some physical and chemical characteristics of soil in west of Guilan province. MSc thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, Guilan University, 101 p.
- Farleya, K.A. and Kelly, E.F., 2004. Effects of afforestation of a pàramo grassland on soil nutrient status. Forest Ecology and Management, 195: 281-290.
- Frankenberger, W.T. and Dick, W.A., 1983. Relationship between enzyme activities and microbial growth and activity indices in soil. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 47: 945-951.
- Gorji-Bahri, Y., Hemmati, A. and Mahdavi, R., 2007. Effect of mild and severe thinning in planted stands of pine in Guilan. Iranian journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 15(3): 217-225.
- Grayston, S.J., Vaughan, D. and Jones, D., 2005. Rhizosphere carbon flow in trees, in comparison with annual plants: the importance of root exudation and its impact on microbial activity and nutrient availability. Applied Soil Ecology, 5: 29-56.
- Guandi, B., Verhoef, H.A. and Bedaux, .J.M., 1998. Seasonal dynamics of decomposition of coniferous leaf litter in a forest plantation (Pinus merkusii) in central Java, Indonesia. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 30: 845-852.
- Hoult, E.H. and McGarity, J.W., 1986. The measurement and distribution of urease activity in a pasture system. Plant and Soil, 93: 359-366.
- Inagaki, Y., Okuda, Sh., Sakai, A., Nakanishi, A., Shibata, Sh. and Fukata, H., 2010. Leaf-litter nitrogen concentration in hinoki cypress forests in relation to the time of leaf fall under different climatic conditions in Japan. Ecological Research, 25 (2): 429-438.
- Jafari-Haghighi, B., 2003. Methods of Soil Analysis, Sampling and Important Physical and Chemical Analysis. Nedaye Zoha publication, 231 p.
- Kandeler, E. and Eder, G., 1993. Effect of cattle slurry in grassland on microbial biomass and on activities of various enzymes. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 16: 249-254.
- Kandeler, E., Palli, S., Stemmer, M. and Gerzabek, M.H., 1999. Tillage changes microbial biomass and enzyme activities in particle size fractions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31: 1253-1264.
- Klose, S., Moore, J.M. and Tabatabai, M.A., 1999. Arylsulfatase activity of the microbial biomass in soils as affected by cropping systems. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 29: 46-54.
- Kraus, T.E.C., Dahlgren, R.A. and Zasoski, R.J., 2003. Tannins in nutrient dynamics of forest ecosystems: a review. Plant and Soil, 256: 41-66.
- Li, H.L., Han, Y., Roelcke, M. and Cai, Z.C., 2008. Net nitrogen mineralization in typical paddy soils of the Taihu Region of China under aerobic conditions: dynamics and model fitting. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 88 (5): 719-731.
- Maleki, M., 2010. Studying and comparison of poplar stands growth in relation to physical and chemical characteristics of soil in afforestation of west of Guilan province. MSc thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, Guilan University, 82 p.
- Mayer, B., Boyer, E.W., Goodale, C.L., Jaworski, N.A., Breemen, N.V., Howarth, R.W., Billen, G., Nadelhoffer, K., Dam, D.V., Hetling, L.J., Nosal, M. and Paustian, K., 2002. Sources of nitrate in rivers draining sixteen watersheds in the northeastern US: isotopic constraints. Biogeochemistry, 57-58: 171-197.
- McTiernan, K.B., Couteaux, M.M., Berg, B., Berg, M.P., De Anta, R.C., Gallardo, A., Kratz, W., Piussi, P., Remacle, J. and De Santo, A.V., 2003. Changes in chemical composition of Pinus sylvestris needle litter during decomposition along a European coniferous forest climatic transect. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 35: 801-812.
- Nannipieri P., Grego S. and Ceccanti B., 1990. Ecological significance of the biological activity in soil. In: Bollag, J.M. and Stotzky, G., (Eds.). Soil Biochemistry Vol. 6. Marcel Dekker, New York: 293-355.
- Ndiaye, E.L., Sandeno, J.M., McGrath, D. and Dick, R.P., 2000. Integrative biological indicators for detecting change in soil quality. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 15: 26-36.
- Niemi, R.M., VepsäläInen, M., Wallenius, K., Simpanen, S., Alakukku, L. and Pietola, L., 2005. Temporal and soil depth-related variation in soil enzyme activities and in root growth of red clover (Trifolium pratense) and timothy (Phleum pratense) in the field. Applied Soil Ecology, 30: 113-125.
- Ohlinger R., 1996. Dehydrogenase Activity with the Substrate TTC. In: Schinner F., Kandeler, E., Ohlinger, R. and Margesin, R., (Eds.). Methods in Soil Biology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin: 240-243.
- Pascual, J.A., García, C. and Hernández, T., 2000. Lasting microbiological and biochemical effects of the addition of municipal solid waste to an arid soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 30: 1-6.
- Porazinska, D.L., Bardgett, R.D., Blaauw, M.B., Hunt, H.W., Parsons, A.N., Seastedt, T.R. and Wall, D.H., 2003. Relationships at the aboveground–belowground interface: plants, soil biota, and soil processes. Ecological Monographs, 73: 377-395.
- Powlson, D.S., 1993. Understanding the Soil-Nitrogen Cycle. Soil Use and Management, 9: 86-94.
- Ross, D.J., Tate, K.R., Scott, N.A. and Feltham, C.W., 1999. Land-use change: effects on soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus pools and fluxes in three adjacent ecosystems. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 31: 803-813.
- Sollins, P., Homann, P. and Caldwell, B.A., 1996. Stabilization and destabilization of soil organic matter: mechanisms and controls. Geoderma, 74: 65-105.
- Tabatabai, M.A. and Dick, W.A., 2002. Enzymes in soil. In: Burns, R.G. and Dick, W.A., (Eds.). Enzymes in The Environment. Marcel Dekker, New York: 567-596.
- Ushio, M., Wagai, R., Balser, T.C. and Kitayama, K., 2008. Variations in the soil microbial community composition of a tropical montane forest ecosystem: does tree species matter? Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40: 2699-2702.
- Visser, S. and Parkinson, D., 1992. Soil biological criteria as indicators of soil quality: soil microorganisms. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 7: 33-37.
- Yeates, G.W. and Saggar, S., 1998. Comparison of soil microbial properties and fauna under tussock-grassland and Pine plantation. Journal Royal Society of New Zealand, 28: 523-535.
- Yeates, G.W., Saggar, S. and Daly, B.K., 1997. Soil microbial biomass C, N and P and microfaunal populations under Pinus radiata and grazed pasture land-use systems. Pedobiologia, 41 :549-565.
- Zou, X., Binkley, D. and Caldwell, B.A., 1995. Effects of di nitrogen-fixing trees on phosphorus biogeochemical cycling in contrasting forest. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 59: 1452-1458.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار