فرایند تغذیه و بازگشت عناصر غذایی در جنگل‌کاری‌های خالص و آمیخته بلندمازو (مطالعه موردی: جنگل‌های پایین‌دست چمستان نور)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشگاه زابل

2 دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

4 کارشناس ارشد پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران

چکیده

این تحقیق در یکی از طرحهای تحقیقاتی ایستگاه تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع چمستان (که در سال 1373 شروع شده بود) انجام شد. در این طرح کاملاً تصادفی، بلوط به‌صورت خالص و آمیخته به نسبت 50 درصد به 50 درصد با هر یک از گونه‌های آزاد، پلت، داغداغان و ممرز جنگل‌کاری شد. اهداف این تحقیق عبارتند از: بررسی میزان عناصر غذایی برگها و آگاهی از میزان بازگشت عناصر غذایی توسط برگهای مرده در جنگل‌کاریهای خالص و آمیخته، تعیین تولید در هکتار لاشبرگ برای هر یک از گونه‌ها و جنگل‌کاریها و برآورد میزان انباشت عناصر غذایی از طریق جریان عناصر از لاشبرگها به کف جنگل. به همین منظور نمونه‌برداری برگهای سبز هر یک از گونه‌ها و در هر یک از تیمارها در مردادماه و برای برگهای مرده و در حال خزان در آذرماه انجام شد و عناصر غذایی آنها در آزمایشگاه مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفت. در داخل هر یک از تیمارها در ابتدای فصل خزان تله‌های جمع‌آوری برگ گذاشته شده و در پایان فصل خزان برگهای جمع شده پس از تفکیک گونه‌ها و خشک شدن، توزین شدند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که میزان عناصر غذایی جنگل‌کاریهای آمیخته بهتر از جنگل‌کاریهای خالص می‌باشد. در این تحقیق تولید لاشبرگ در تیمار بلوط آمیخته با داغداغان به‌میزان 5/02 و در تیمار بلوط خالص 6/14 تن ماده خشک در هکتار در سال بدست آمد که بالاتر از متوسط تولید لاشبرگ سالیانه جنگلهای معتدله اروپا می‌باشد. میزان انباشت عناصر غذایی در کف جنگل در پی ریزش لاشبرگها در تیمار آمیخته بلندمازو- پلت بیشتر از تیمارهای آمیخته دیگر و تیمار بلوط خالص بود. نتایج این تحقیق این موضوع را تأیید می‌کند که شناخت رفتار تغذیه‌ای در جنگل‌کاریها برای مدیریت پایدار آنها سودمند خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Nutritional process and nutrients return in pure and mixed plantations of oak (A case study: lowland forests of Chamestan, Noor)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Anollah Rouhi Moghaddam 1
  • Mohsen Hosseini 2
  • Ahmad Rahmani 3
  • Mas'oud Tabari 2
  • Ezzatolah Ebrahimi 4
1 Assistant prof., University of Zabol
2 Associate prof., Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modares
3 Assistant prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
4 Senior Research Expert, Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mazandaran Province
چکیده [English]

This research was performed in Chamestan Forest and Rangeland Experimental Station since 1994. In this research chestnut leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia) was planted at pure and mixed plantation, including Siberian elm (Zelkova carpinifolia), maple (Acer velutinum), hackberry (Celtis australis) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus). The aims of this research were as follows: 1. investigation on nutritional elements of the leaves and their return by senescent leaves at both pure and mixed plantations, 2. litter production of the species and nutrient fluxes in the two plantation types. For these reasons, sampling was made from the fresh leaves in August and for the senescent leaves in November, and the elements were measured in laboratory. Litter traps were located within the treatment's plots for litter collection and litter dry weight was measured and recorded. The results showed that the mixed plantations produced more amounts of nutritional elements than the pure plantations. Dry litter production was 5.02 to 6.14 ton per hectare per year, which was more than the European temperate broadleaved forests production. The concentration of elements in the mixed oak- maple plantation was more than the pure oak and the other mixed plantations. It can be concluded that investigation on nutritional behavior of forest trees is very important for sustainable forest management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • pure and mixed plantation
  • Nutrition
  • nutrients return
  • litter production
  • Oak

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