تغییرات عناصر غذایی خاک و برگ راش (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) در مراحل مختلف تحولی راشستان (مطالعه موردی: جنگل رزه، استان گیلان)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

2 مربی پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

3 مربی پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان

چکیده

هدف این مطالعه بررسی عناصر غذایی در برگ و خاک راش (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) در راشستانی با مراحل مختلف تحولی به‌منظور آگاهی از رابطه وضعیت خاک و تغذیه درختان با ساختار اکوسیستم بود. اطلاع از چگونگی تغییرات عناصر و ارتباط این تغییرات با مراحل تحولی راش که در سطح جنگل قابل مشاهده است، امکان مدیریت بهتر این توده‌ها را فراهم می‌سازد. سه قطعه‌نمونه یک هکتاری در سه مرحله تحولی راش (جوانی، اوج و پوسیدگی) درنظر گرفته شدند. در هر قطعه‌نمونه یک خط‌نمونه و در هر خط‌نمونه چهار قطعه‌نمونه 400 متر مربعی انتخاب شدند. برای بررسی خصوصیات خاک از چهار گوشه و مرکز هر قطعه‌نمونه، نمونه‌هایی از عمق‌های صفر تا 10 و 10 تا 20 سانتی‌متری برداشت و تجزیه شد. همچنین از 10 درخت نمونه‌برداری برگ انجام شد و عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، منیزیم، کلسیم، روی، آهن و منگنز اندازه‌گیری شدند. براساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، درصد کربن و مواد آلی در خاک منطقه‌ای که در مرحله پوسیدگی قرار داشت، بیشتر از دو مرحله دیگر بود. پتاسیم تبادلی و فسفر قابل جذب در خاک درختانی که در مرحله جوانی قرار داشتند، بیشتر بود. عناصر غذایی و مواد آلی خاک در خاک سطحی بیشتر از عمقی بود. تجزیه برگ نیز نشان داد که عنصر نیتروژن در مرحله پوسیدگی  بیشتر از مراحل دیگر بود و عناصر دیگر تغییرات زیادی نداشتند. جذب عناصر غذایی نیز مستقل از میزان عناصر غذایی در خاک بود. اگرچه مقدار عناصر غذایی برگ درختان راش در مراحل مختلف تحولی تفاوت‌هایی با هم داشتند، اما دامنه تغییرات و نسبت عناصر غذایی در محدوده مشخصی بود که نشان‌دهنده سلامت این اکوسیستم‌ بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of soil and leaves nutrients concentration of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in different development stages of a beech stand (Case study: Raze forest, Guilan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Rahmani 1
  • Maryam Teimouri 2
  • Mohammad Matinizade 1
  • Yousef Kalafi 2
  • Beitollah Amanzade 3
1 Associate Prof, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
2 Senior Research Expert, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
3 Senior Research Expert, Research Division of Natural Resources, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO
چکیده [English]

This study evaluated soil and nutrient concentration in different phases of developmental cycle in untouched habitat of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in Guilan province. Three sampling plots (one ha in each site) were selected, with each plot divided into four sub-plots of 10 ×10 m each. Soil samples were taken from the corner and center of each sub-plot. After air drying, soil properties were measured. At each plot, 10 trees were randomly selected and leaves were sampled from different expositions. The samples were transferred to the laboratory, dried at 40 ° C, ground and further used for the analysis. Nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, manganese and iron were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted on the data. Mean comparisons were carried out by Duncan’s multiple range tests (P ≤ 0.05). Percentage of organic carbon and soil organic matters in decay stage were greater than the other stages. Furthermore, the exchangeable content of K and available P in initial stage was greater in both depths. Mineral nutrition and organic matter in soil surface was greater than soil depth. In addition, leaves analysis showed that the nitrogen in the decay stage was greater than in other stages, whereas the other elements do not notably change. Nutrient uptake was independent of the amount of nutrients in the soil. The results showed that despite differences in the amount of nutrients leaves of beech trees in various stages of evolution the range of nutrients show the health of this ecosystem.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forest ecosystem
  • leaf refraction
  • soil characteristics
  • Forest management
  • evolution steps

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