تأثیر ویژگی‌های خاک و عامل‌های فیزیوگرافی بر صفات رویشی آلبالو وحشی (Cerasus microcarpa C. A. Mey.) در جنگل‌های استان کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه

2 دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

3 کارشناس ارشد پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه

چکیده

پژوهش پیش‌رو به‌منظور بررسی ارتباط بین صفات رویشی درختچه‌های آلبالو وحشی (Cerasus microcarpa C. A. Mey.)با عامل‌های خاکی و فیزیوگرافی در جنگل‌های استان کرمانشاه انجام شد. پس از شناسایی رویشگاه‌های عمده‌ این گونه و با توجه به ارتفاع از سطح دریا، جهت جغرافیایی و فرم زمین، 17 قطعه‌نمونه پنج آری دایره‌ای‌شکل ‌طوری درنظر گرفته شدند که در هر قطعه‌نمونه، درختچه‌ها به‌طور دسته‌ای یا گروه کوچک (حداقل سه درختچه در یک قطعه‌نمونه و درمجموع 122 درختچه) حضور داشته باشند. در مطالعات خاک‌شناسی پس از حفر 17 نیم‌رخ خاک، خصوصیات نمونه‌های هر یک از افق‌ها مانند درصد مواد آلی، درصد آهک، اسیدیته، قابلیت هدایت الکتریکی و بافت خاک تعیین شد و تجزیه‌ و تحلیل‌ها با نرم‌افزار PC-ORD انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که جهت جغرافیایی در انتخاب فرم زمین برای استقرار این ‌گونه نقش مهمی داشت، به‌طوری‌که در شیب‌های شمالی، یال‌ها و دره‌ها و در شیب‌های جنوبی، دامنه‌ها و دشت‌ها بیشترین محل پراکنش این گونه بود. ارتفاع کامل درختان در شیب‌های شمالی و یال‌ها بیشتر از شیب‌های جنوبی و دشت‌ها بود. با افزایش میزان رس، کربنات کلسیم و هدایت الکتریکی خاک و کاهش درصد شیب منطقه، طول تنه افزایش و طول تاج کاهش نشان داد. همچنین ارتفاع کامل درختان با افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا و افزایش میزان شن خاک ارتباط مستقیمی داشت. شرایط محیطی حاکم بر جهت‌های جنوبی و دشت‌ها که همراه با افزایش میزان اسیدیته و سیلت خاک بود، باعث افزایش سطح تاج‌پوشش و قطر برابر سینه درختچه‌های آلبالو وحشی شده بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of soil and physiographic factors on morphologic parameters of Cerasus microcarpa C. A. Mey. in Kermanshah forests

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoume Khanhasani 1
  • Khosro Sagheb Talebi 2
  • Yahya Khodakarami 3
  • Houshmand Safari 1
1 Senior Research Expert, Research Division of Natural Recourses, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO
2 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
3 Research Expert, Research Division of Natural Recourses, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO
چکیده [English]

This study aimed to determine the relationship between vegetation properties of Cerasus microcarpa C. A. Mey. and physiographic and soil conditions in forests of Kermanshah province. After identifying the main habitats of C. microcarpa habitats, min and max range of altitude were determined. Concerning geographic expositions and terrain condition, 17 circular sample plots of 500 m2 each were established, in which C. microcarpa individuals could be grouped, with at least three of the total 122 shrubs in a plot.  Furthermore, 17 soil profiles were dug, in which the parameters including pH, EC, C%, CaCo3 and soil texture were determined. The PC-ORD software was used for Canonical Correspondence Analysis on the data. The results suggested that the geographical aspect plays an important role in selecting land form for C. microcarpa establishment, so that the shrubs are more distributed at the edges and valleys in northern slopes, while they are more presented in foothills and plains in southern slopes. The total height of shrubs in northern slopes and edges was higher than those in both southern slopes and plains. Both trunk and crown length reduce by increasing clay, CaCo3, EC and decreasing slope%. A direct relationship was observed between total height of shrubs and altitude and sand. Finally, the environmental conditions in southern slopes and plains which are accompanied by increasing the acidity and silt, which in turn contribute to increase the crown area and diameter at breast height of C. microcarpa shrubs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cerasus microcarpa
  • Canonical Correspondence Analysis
  • northern Zagros
  • Habitat conditions

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