کارایی روش شبکه عصبی مصنوعی در برآورد موجودی سرپای توده‌های جنگلی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

2 استاد، گروه جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی ماشین‌های کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

4 کارشناس ارشد جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

5 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جنگل‌داری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

به‌طور کلی برای اداره و بهره‌برداری بهینه و پایدار از جنگل، آگاهی از موجودی حجمی جنگل و تولید آن ضروریست. برآورد دقیق موجودی حجمی به روش‌های متداول به‌طور عموم مستلزم وقت و هزینه زیادی است و گاهی نیز دارای دقت کافی نیست. یکی از روش‌های نوین در برآورد مشخصه‌های کمی جنگل استفاده از الگوریتم شبکه عصبی مصنوعی است که با الگوبرداری از شبکه عصبی مغز انسان، با اجرای فرآیند آموزش روابط درونی بین داده‌ها را استخراج می‌کند و در موقعیت دیگر تعمیم می‌دهد. در پژوهش پیش‌رو از داده‌های 258 قطعه‌نمونه دائم که در بخش گرازبن به وسعت 934/24 هکتار به‌طور منظم- تصادفی مستقر شده بودند، استفاده شد. پس از رفع نواقص آماری و حذف داده‌های پرت، 80 درصد داده‌ها برای آموزش و 20 درصد برای آزمون شبکه استفاده شد. پس از استاندارد کردن داده‌ها با استفاده از داده‌های سری آموزش، شبکه عصبی با الگوریتم پس‌انتشار ایجاد شد. همچنین با استفاده از داده‌های سری آموزش، رابطه رگرسیونی بین داده‌های حجم و پارامترهای تعیین‌کننده آن بررسی شد. به‌منظور ارزیابی نتایج دو روش از داده‌های سری آزمون و از معیارهای RMSE، MAE و R2 استفاده شد. نتایج نشان‌دهنده دقت بیشتر برآوردهای مدل شبکه عصبی (متر مکعب در هکتار 006/1=RMSE، متر مکعب در هکتار 0/69=MAE و 0/98=R2) در مقایسه با برآوردهای مدل رگرسیونی (m3/ha 2/5=RMSE، m3/ha 0/95=MAE و 0/85=R2) بود. بیشتر بودن ضریب تعیین به‌دلیل زیاد بودن داده‌ها و رابطه منطقی بین داده‌های ورودی و خروجی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Applicability of artificial neural network for estimating the forest growing stock

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Bayat 1
  • Manouchehr Namiranian 2
  • Mahmoud Omid 3
  • Arman Rashidi 4
  • Sajjad Babaei 5
چکیده [English]

Knowledge on stand’s quantitative and qualitative characteristics (tree volume and growth) are fundamental requirements for monitoring close-to-nature forest management plans. In addition, future planning is based on statistics and information obtained from the forest. Thus, structural information such as standing stock, growth and diameter distribution are highly required. Volume increment provides the amount of allowable annual cut. In this study 768.4 ha of virgin forests located in Gorazbon district in Kheyroud educational- experimental Forest was inventoried by 258 permanent sample plots measured in 2012. Following elimination of statistical deficiency and exclusion of deviated points, the data were divided into 80% training and 20% test data to examine the applied neural network. The data was initially standardized by using training data. Neural network with back propagation error algorithm was developed. Furthermore, volume was regressed against diameter, height, slope and aspect using the allocated training data. Model diagnostics including R2, MAE and RMSE  were applied for evaluating those two methods. The analysis resulted in R2=0.98, MAE=0.69 and RMSE=1.006, respectively. For the regression method the diagnostics amounted in R2=0.85, MAE=0.95 and RMSE=2.5. The results have suggest the higher accuracy of neural network for growing stock estimation compared to regression approach. However, care must be taken during data preparation, network design and network training to reach an optimum final model. It is concluded that this model should be further considered and applied for the estimation of volume across the study area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gorazbon section
  • Artificial Neural Network
  • regressions models
  • volume
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