بررسی مقدار روغن میوه بنه (Pistachia atlantica Desf.) در طبقات قطری مختلف در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی چهارمحال و بختیاری

2 مربی پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی چهارمحال و بختیاری

چکیده

بنه (Pistachia atlantica Desf.) یکی از گونه‌های درختی باارزش اکولوژیک در زاگرس است که به‌دلیل ارزش اقتصادی، نقش مهمی در حفاظت از منابع آب و خاک دارد. تولید دانه روغنی و امکان استخراج روغن از بذر یکی از مزیت‌های اقتصادی این گونه محسوب می‌شود. پژوهش پیش‌رو به‌منظور تعیین درصد روغن بذر درختان بنه در طبقات قطری مختلف ومعرفی ترکیبات شیمیائی به‌ویژه اسیدهای چرب روغن در جنگل‌های قلعه‌مدرسه لردگان در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری اجرا شد. ابتدا در دامنه قطری 10 تا 50 سانتی‌متر و با فاصله طبقه‌ای 5 سانتی‌متری، تعداد سه اصله درخت در هر طبقه قطری انتخاب شد و با برداشت بذر آنها در پایان فصل رویش،اندازه‌گیری مقدار تولید بذر و روغن در هر طبقه قطری انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که به‌طور متوسط تولید روغن برای هر درخت در طبقات قطری مختلف به روش سوکسله 27/16 درصد و به روش مکانیکی 19/3 درصد است. بیشترین مقدار تولید روغن به روش سوکسله به میزان 32/1 درصد مربوط به طبقه قطری 45 سانتی‌متر و کمترین مقدار 23/48 درصد متعلق به طبقه قطری 40 سانتی‌متر بود. در روش تحت فشار بیشینه روغن استخراج شده 24/8 درصد مربوط به طبقه قطری 50 سانتی‌متر وکمینه اندازه روغن 16/85 درصد متعلق به درختان طبقه قطری 40 سانتی‌متر‌بود. تجزیه نمونه‌های روغن نشان داد که درمجموع 11 نوع اسید چرب شامل هفت اسید چرب غیراشباع اولئیک،ایزوسیس‌اولئیک، لینولئیک، لینولنیک،پالمیتولئیک، گادوئیک و بهنیک و چهار اسید چرب اشباع پالمیتیک، استئاریک، میرستیک و آراشیدیک در روغن بنه وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on seed oil productionin different diameter classes of wild pistachio (Pistachia atlantica Desf.)in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hasan Jahanbazy Goujani 1
  • Yaghoub Iranmanesh 1
  • Mahmoud Talebi 2
1 Assistant Prof., Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO
2 Senior Research Expert, Research Division of Natural Resources, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO
چکیده [English]

Wild pistachio (Pistachia atlantica Desf.) is one of the economically important woody species in Zagros region of Iran. Because of its economic importance, this species has an essential role in protecting soil and water resources. The possibility of seed oil extraction adds to the economic advantages of Pistacia atlantica. This study in Lordegan forests aims to determine the amount of seed production, oil percentage and chemical properties (e.g. fatty acid) to quantify the economic value of wild pistachio. Initially, 3 trees were selected in each diameter class ranging from 10 to 50 cm. The seeds of all trees were collected to measure the amount of seed and oil percentage in each diameter class. The Soxhlet analysis showed oil production of 27.16%, whereas rated 19.3% by using the mechanical analysis. Maximum oil production as measured by Soxhlet method was shown to be 32.1% for the diameter class of 45 cm. In addition, minimum production rate of 23.48% was recorded for the diameter class of 40 cm. The maximum seed oil of 24.8% was recorded by using the under pressure method in diameter class of 50 cm, while the same method resulted in the minimum oil amount of 16.85% in diameter class of 40 cm. The analysis of the samples revealed 13 fatty acids, including 7 unsaturated (Oleic, Iso-sic-oleic, Linoleic, Linolenic, Palmitoleic, Gadoleic, Behenic) and four saturated (Palmitic, Stearic, Miristic, Arachidonic) in oil extractedform Pistacia atlantica seeds.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Economic value
  • wild pistachio
  • seed oil
  • Zagros
  • Soxhlet
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