بررسی تغییر کاربری بر پویایی کربن و نیتروژن و برخی ویژگیهای حاصلخیزی خاک در منطقه جنگلی پردانان پیرانشهر

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 کارشناس ارشد علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 استادیار، گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

4 استادیار، گروه جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

استفاده از سیستم­های مختلف خاک‌ورزی پس از تغییر غیراصولی کاربری اراضی سبب تسریع تجزیه ماده ­آلی خاک می‌شود. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی جنگلی به مرتع و زمین­های کشاورزی بر کربن­ آلی، نیتروژن کل و شکل­های معدنی نیتروژن (نیترات و آمونیوم) انجام شد. بدین منظور از کاربری ­های جنگلی و تغییریافته به مرتع، باغ و زراعت منطقه پردانان پیرانشهر، 40 نمونه خاک از لایه سطحی صفر تا 15 سانتی­متری تهیه شد، سپس مقادیر کربن ­آلی، نیترات، آمونیم، نیتروژن کل و برخی ویژگی‌های خاک در نمونه ­ها اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که در اثر تغییر کاربری از جنگل به زراعت، میزان کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل و نسبت نیتروژن کل به نیتروژن معدنی به ­طور معنی­ داری به‌ترتیب به میزان 44، 46 و 49 درصد کاهش داشت. شکل­های معدنی نیتروژن در اراضی تغییر کاربری یافته به زراعت و باغ به ­طور متوسط 80 درصد افزایش نشان داد. مقدار هدایت الکتریکی خاک‌های جنگلی نیز در اثر تغییر کاربری به باغ و زراعت، به­ طور معنی ­داری کاهش یافت. همچنین اسیدیته و درصد آهک در کاربری باغ به‌طور معنی­ داری بیشتر از بقیه کاربری ­ها بود. بیشترین مقدار کلسیم و سدیم تبادلی در کاربری زراعی به‌دست آمد. درنتیجه می‌توان بیان کرد که تغییر کاربری جنگل به اراضی زراعی به‌دلیل کاهش ورودی کربن آلی و انجام عملیات خاک‌ورزی مختلف می ­تواند در درازمدت باعث کاهش کیفیت و ماده آلی خاک شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of land-use change on Carbon and Nitrogen dynamics and selected soil fertility properties in forest ecosystems of Perdanan region of Piranshahr, West Azerbaijan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mir Hassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani 1
  • Sabri Karimi 2
  • Habib Khodaverdiloo 1
  • Mohsen Barin 3
  • Abbas Banedg-Shafiei 4
1 Associate Prof., Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.‎
2 M.Sc. Soil Science, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Using different tillage systems following unscientific land-use change lead to accelerated decomposition of soil organic matter. This study was performed to investigate the effects of forest conversion into rangeland, garden and agriculture on organic carbon and nitrogen dynamics as well as mineral nitrogen forms (nitrate and ammonium) contents. To this aim, 40 soil samples (0-15 cm depth) were taken from different land-use classes including forest, rangeland, garden and agriculture in Perdanan region of Piranshahr in West Azerbaijan province. Organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium and a number of soil properties were measured in soil samples. The results showed that organic carbon, total nitrogen and the ratio of total nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen (Nt/Nmin) were shown to significantly decrease by 44, 46 and 49 percent, respectively due to land-use change from forest to agricultural cultivation. The mineral nitrogen forms in garden and agriculture classes increased approximately by 80 percent. In addition, soil EC was shown to decrease due to land-use conversion from forest to garden and agriculture. Moreover, Calcium carbonate percentage and pH in the garden were significantly higher than the other land-use classes. The highest amount of exchangeable Ca and Na were found in agricultural land-use. Therefore land-use change from forest to agricultural systems is concluded to reduce soil quality and organic matter in long-term due to decreasing organic matter inputs and exerting different tillage activities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land-use change
  • deforestation
  • soil properties
  • nitrogen mineral forms
  • organic carbon and nitrogen

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