بررسی ویژگی‌های رویشی و مورفولوژیک پروونانس‌های پده (Populus euphratica) در خزانه آزمایشی استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

2 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

3 کارشناس پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان

چکیده

گونه‌ بومی تندرشد پده (Populus euphratica) به‌سبب پراکندگی زیاد در کشور و تحمل به شوری خاک و شرایط اقلیمی گرم و خشک از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. این بررسی در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی کوشکک در استان خوزستان به‌عنوان یکی از رویشگاه‌های عمده پده بر روی 20 پروونانس پده (P. euphratica) با مبدأهای جغرافیایی مختلف کشور به‌همراه یک کلن حاصل از کشت سلولی انجام شد. از هر پروونانس 30 قلمه تهیه و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در بهمن 1388 کشت شد. ویژگی­های کمی و کیفی نهال­ها شامل رشد قطر یقه و ارتفاع، درصد جوانه‌زنی قلمه‌، سطح ویژه و درصد ماده خشک برگ و مشخصه‌های مورفولوژیکی برگ شامل طول، حداکثر پهنا، نسبت طول به حداکثر پهنا، طول دمبرگ، نسبت طول دمبرگ به طول برگ، ضخامت و سطح برگ به‌همراه صفت‌های زاویه شاخه با تنه و تعداد شاخه‌های بلندتر از 0/5 متر در طول یک سال پس از کاشت در خزانه اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج تجزیه­واریانس نشان داد که از لحاظ تمام صفت‌های موردبررسی، به‌جز تعداد شاخه‌های بلندتر از 0/5 متر و زاویه شاخه، بین پروونانس‌‌ها اختلاف معنی‌دار وجود دارد و پروونانس‌های رامهرمز و اصفهان به‌ترتیب از رشد قطری و ارتفاعی مطلوب‌‌تری برخوردار بودند. پروونانس ماهنشان نیز به‌دلیل درصد جوانه‌زنی کم و عدم تناسب مورفولوژی برگ آن با شرایط اقلیم گرمسیری، نامناسبترین پروونانس برای استقرار در شمال استان خوزستان بود. همچنین طبق نتایج آزمون تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی، پروونانس‌های ماهنشان، جلفا، زابل و کرمان از سایر ژنوتیپ‌ها متمایز شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of growth and morphological characteristics of Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica) provenances at experimental nursery of Khuzestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Pedram Ghadiripour 1
  • Mohsen Calagari 2
  • Mohammad Hasan Salehe Shushtari 3
1 Research Expert, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Research Expert, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Native fast growing species of Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica) is broadly distributed in Iran and is considered important due to its tolerance to saline soils and warm and dry climate conditions. In this study, twenty Euphrates poplar provenances and a cell-cultured clone from all over country were studied in Kushkak research station in Khuzestan province, one of the main Euphrates poplar habitats in Iran. Thirty cuttings from each provenance were planted under a RCBD in February 2010. Growth characteristics including collar diameter (CD), height (H), Germination percentage (GP) of cuttings, special leaf area, and dry matter percentage of leaves were studied. In addition, a number of leaf morphological traits including leaf length (LL), maximum width (MLW), LL to MLW ratio, petiole length (PL), PL to LL ratio, thickness and leaf area, branch-to-stem angle (BSA) and number of branches > 0.5 m (NB) were also recorded during one year after planting. ANOVA results showed that all investigated traits significantly differed in all parameters except NB and BSA. Moreover, provenances of Ramhormoz and Isfahan showed the highest rates of CD and H growth. Mahneshan provenance was the most unfavorable genotype for establishment in north of the Khuzestan province due to its low GP as well as its incompatible morphology with warm climate of the region. Consequently, PCA results revealed significant differences of that provenances of Mahneshan, Jolfa, Zabol and Kerman to other genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Populus euphratica
  • provenance
  • Khuzestan
  • growth traits
  • morphological traits

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تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران
دوره 23، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 1
فروردین 1394
صفحه 154-166

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