جنگل‌کاری کاج تدا (.Pinus taeda L) در توده‌ طبیعی ممرز (.Carpinus betulus L)، عناصر غذایی ساقاب را تغییر می‌دهد.

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، استاد، گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 کارشناس ارشد، اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کاشت گونه‌های بومی و غیربومی نه‌تنها بر مقدار بارش رسیده به کف جنگل تأثیر می‌گذارد، بلکه کیفیت آن را نیز به‌طور قابل‌توجهی تغییر می‌دهد. ساق‌آب به‌عنوان بخشی از بارش که پس از برخورد به تاج‌پوشش درختان در میان برگ‌ها و شاخه‌ها جریان می‌یابد و به کف جنگل می‌رسد، نقش کلیدی در تأمین رطوبت و مواد مغذی خاک ایفا می‌کند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر جنگل‌کاری با گونه غیربومی کاج تدا (Pinus taeda L.) بر تغییر عناصر غذایی ساق‌آب در مقایسه با توده‌های طبیعی ممرز (Carpinus betulus L.) در غرب ناحیه هیرکانی انجام گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) reforestation inside a natural hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) stand changes stemflow nutrient inputs

نویسندگان [English]

  • Pedram Pourmokhtari 1
  • Pedram Attarod 2
  • Vahid Etemad 3
  • Turaj Safarkar 4
1 M.Sc. in Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Corresponding author, Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 M.Sc. in Forestry, General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management, Guilan Province, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: The plantation of native and exotic tree species affects not only the quantity of rainfall that passed through the leaves and branches and reached the forest floor but also its quality significantly alters. Stemflow (SF), as the part of rainfall that reaches the forest floor after hitting the tree canopy, plays a key role in supplying soil moisture and nutrients. This study aimed to determine how reforestation with the exotic loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) has changed the stemflow nutrient composition, compared to natural stands of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) in the western part of Hyrcanian region in northern Iran.
Methodology: This study was conducted in Astara city, Iran, where the mean annual precipitation is 1390 mm and the mean annual temperature is 15.7 °C. SF was sampled during three rainfall events in the summer of 2022 from a natural C. betulus and a man-made P. taeda stand. Rainfall was also collected. The pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the samples were measured, and concentrations of calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), potassium (K+), and sodium (Na+) were analyzed. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test was used to assess data normality, and a linear mixed-effects model was employed for statistical analysis.
Results: The mixed-effects model showed that stand type had a significant effect on all measured parameters (P < 0.05). The pH was lower in SF of P. taeda (5.4) than that of C. betulus (6.9) and rainfall (7.1). The EC of SF was higher in both hornbeam (183 µS/cm, a 268% increase) and P. taeda (132 µS/cm, a 167% increase) compared to rainfall (50 µS/cm). The Ca++ concentration was higher in both C. betulus (17.8 mg/L, a 140% increase) and P. taeda (13.9 mg/L, an 88% increase) than in rainfall (7.4 mg/L). The Mg++ concentration showed a 26% increase in C. betulus (9.1 mg/L). The K+ concentration was higher in SF of C. betulus (30.8 mg/L, a 470% increase) than in that of P. taeda (19.8 mg/L, a 267% increase) and rainfall (5.4 mg/L). The Na+ concentration increased in the SF of both species (C. betulus: 16.8 mg/L, a 121% increase; P. taeda: 16.4 mg/L, a 116% increase) relative to rainfall. The percentage of parameters showing significant changes compared to rainfall was 75-80% in the C. betulus stand and 65-70% in the P. taeda stand, whereas the difference between the two stands was 80%.
Conclusion: Replacing natural C. betulus stands with P. taeda significantly altered SF chemistry by increasing acidity and decreasing nutrient richness. This alteration may weaken SF's crucial role in soil nutrition and the formation of moist, nutrient-rich islands around tree bases. Consequently, these changes could potentially influence the biogeochemical cycle and soil health within the Hyrcanian ecosystem.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Electrical conductivity
  • forest ecosystem
  • nutrient elements
  • reforestation

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