بررسی شاخص‌های ادراکی جوامع محلی از خدمات بوم‌سازگان و اهمیت جنگل‌های مانگرو در ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 ‏استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه لرستان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، خرم آباد، ایران

2 استاد، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران‏

3 دکتری گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: جنگل‌های مانگرو، منشأ تولید و عرضه کالاها و خدمات وسیعی برای جوامع انسانی هستند. ‏این منابع باارزش، ‌نقش مهمی در ایجاد بستری ‏مناسب برای توسعه فعالیت‌های اقتصادی و اجتماعی ‏در زندگی انسان ‏دارند. بررسی درک جوامع محلی در ارتباط با این خدمات می‌تواند به عنوان راهنمایی برای ‏حفاظت و چگونگی بهره‌برداری از این بوم‌سازگان‌های طبیعی را آشکار کند. بدین‌ ترتیب در پژوهش پیش‌رو، میزان ادراک جوامع محلی از خدمات بوم‌سازگان جنگل‌های مانگرو در ایران ‏ بررسی شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: گردآوری داده‌ها به روش پیمایشی و از طریق پرسش‌نامه، مصاحبه و مشاهده انجام ‏شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها و اطلاعات نیز به روش کمی و آزمون‌های آماری توصیفی و استنباطی در نرم‌افزار ‏SPSS v22.0‎‏ انجام گرفت. روایی پژوهش مبتنی‌بر روش‌های سازه و صوری، و پایایی با استفاده از آلفای ‏کرونباخ (92/0= α) محاسبه شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش، جوامع محلی با حجم نمونه برابر با 400 نفر درنظر گرفته شد. نمونه‌گیری به روش خوشه‌ای و با در نظر گرفتن ‏سهم جمعیت هریک از روستاها برای جوامع محلی به روش سیستماتیک و به تفکیک ‏جنسیت زنان و مردان انجام شد.
نتایج: ‏34 درصد از معیشت جوامع محلی به‌طور مستقیم به جنگل‌های مانگرو ایران وابسته بودند. بیشتر از ‏‏60 درصد از پاسخ‌دهندگان معتقد بودند که با تخریب این جنگل‌ها، معیشت آن‌ها به خطر می‌افتد. ‏همچنین، ‏مقایسه میانگین درک جوامع محلی از خدمات فرهنگی جنگل‌های ‏مانگرو نشان داد که میزان ‏ادراک جوامع محلی به دلیل وابستگی ‏به ‏جنگل‌های مانگرو در تأمین نیازهای ‏روزانه، و از طرفی، حس تعلق مکانی با زندگی در مجاورت ‏این رویشگاه‌های ‏طبیعی و ارزشمند در سطح قابل‌توجهی است. نتایج ‏اثرگذاری مستقیم یا غیرمستقیمِ ابعاد خدمات فرهنگی نیز نشان داد که ابعاد «حس مکان و الهامات»، «تنوع ‏‏فرهنگی» و «روابط اجتماعی» به طور مشترک، اثرات مثبت و مستقیمی بر جوامع محلی دارند. براین‌اساس، ایجاد آگاهی و افزایش درک ذی‌نفعان‏ از خدمات و حساسیت‌های زیستیِ این ‏رویشگاه‌های طبیعی و ارزشمند، اهمیت زیادی دارند و می‌توانند به حفظ اراضی جنگلی و حفاظت بیشتر از این منابع ارزشمند کمک کنند.
نتیجه‌گیری کلی: جنگل‌های مانگرو ایران از مهم‌ترین ثروت‌های طبیعی کشور محسوب می‌شوند که کارکردها و خدمات مختلفی به‌ویژه در ‏ابعاد فرهنگی برای حیات انسان فراهم می‌کنند، بنابراین‏ بررسی شناخت و درک جوامع به‌منظور حفاظت، برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت ‏آن‌ها، اهمیت زیادی دارد. همچنین، ‏تداوم در بهره‌وری از خدمات بوم‌سازگان‌های جنگلی، مستلزم افزایش ‏مشارکت و درک ذی‌نفعان‏ از این منابع طبیعی است. براین‌اساس با ایجاد آگاهی و افزایش درک ذی‌نفعان‏ از اهمیت و ‏حساسیت‌های زیستی این بوم‌سازگان‌ها می‌توان موجبات بهبود نگرش و تمایلات آن‌ها ‏را نسبت به حفظ جنگل‌های مانگرو و حفاظت بیشتر از این منابع فراهم کرد.
واژه‌های کلیدی: آموزش و آگاهی، جنگل‌ مانگرو، جوامع محلی، خدمات بوم‌سازگان، شاخص‌های ادراکی.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating local communities' perception indicators of ecosystem services and the importance of mangrove forests of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parvaneh Sobhani 1
  • Afshin Danehkar 2
  • Roghayeh Garmaeepour 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Natural Resources Faculty, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, ‎Iran
2 Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, ‎Iran‎
3 Ph.D., Department of Environment, Natural Resources of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Mangrove forests are the source of production and supply of a wide range of goods and services for human societies. These valuable resources play an important role in creating a suitable environment for the development of economic and social activities in human life. Therefore, examining the perception of local communities in relation to these services can serve as a guide for the protection and exploitation of these natural ecosystems. Thus, in the present study, the level of perception of local communities of the ecosystem services of mangrove forests in Iran was investigated.
Methodology: Data collection was carried out by survey method and through questionnaires, interviews and observations. Data and information analysis were also carried out by quantitative method and descriptive and inferential statistical tests in SPSS v22.0 software. The validity of the study was based on structural and formal methods, and reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.92). The statistical population is local communities, and the sample size was considered to be 400 people. Sampling in this study was carried out using a cluster method, taking into account the population share of each village for local communities in a systematic manner and separated by gender.
Results: 34 percent of the livelihoods of local communities were directly dependent on Iran's mangrove forests, and more than 60 percent of the respondents believed that their livelihoods are at risk by the destruction of these forests. Also, comparing the average perception of local communities of the cultural services of mangrove forests showed that the level of perception of local communities is high due to their dependence on mangrove forests in meeting daily needs, and on the other hand, the sense of place belonging to living in the vicinity of these natural and valuable habitats. The results of the direct or indirect nature of the dimensions of cultural services also showed that the dimensions of "sense of place and inspiration", "cultural diversity" and "social relations" have a positive and direct impact on local communities. Therefore, creating awareness and raising stakeholders' understanding of the biological services and sensitivities of these valuable natural habitats is of great importance and can help preserve forest lands and further protect these valuable resources.
Conclusion: Mangrove forests of Iran are considered one of the most important natural resources of the country, providing various functions and services, especially in cultural dimensions, for human life. Therefore, examining the knowledge and understanding of communities for their protection, planning, and management is of great importance. Also, continuing to benefit from forest ecosystem services requires increasing stakeholders' participation and understanding of these natural resources. Accordingly, by creating awareness and raising stakeholders' understanding of the importance and biological sensitivities of these ecosystems, we can reduce pressure on natural resources and improve their attitudes and tendencies towards preserving forest lands and further protecting these resources.
 
Keywords: Ecosystem services, education and awareness, local communities, mangrove forest, perception indicators.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecosystem services
  • education and awareness
  • local communities
  • mangrove forest
  • perception indicators

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