امنیت غذایی و تمایل به تغییر کاربری اراضی جنگلی در بین خانوارهای روستایی در استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکترای آموزش کشاورزی و محیط زیست پایدار، گروه ترویج و ارتباطات روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: در کشورهای کمترتوسعه‌یافته، یکی از اقدامات برای تأمین امنیت غذایی، رجوع به منابع طبیعی و تجاوز و تخریب آن است. این در حالی است که جنگل‌‌ها به‌عنوان منبع مستقیم غذا و سوخت و منبعی برای تولید درآمد و خدمات بوم‌سازگانی، به افزایش ظرفیت خانواده‌‌ها در مقابله با ناامنی غذایی کمک می‌‌کنند. ناامنی غذایی، به‌مفهوم دسترسی محدود یا نامطمئن به غذای کافی و سالم ازنظر تغذیه‌‌ای یا توانایی محدود برای دستیابی به غذا از راه‌‌های قابل‌قبول اجتماعی است. اگرچه ارتباط نزدیکی بین وضعیت امنیت غذایی روستائیان و تمایل آنان به تغییر کاربری اراضی جنگلی وجود دارد، اما در پژوهش‌‌های اندکی، این دو موضوع و رابطه آن‌‌ها باهم بررسی شده‌اند. پژوهش پیش‌رو با هدف شناخت وضعیت امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی ساکن در مناطق حاشیه جنگل و تمایل آنان به تغییر کاربری اراضی جنگلی در استان گلستان اجرا شد.
مواد و روش‌‌ها: پژوهش توصیفی- پیمایشی پیش‌‌رو در روستاهای دارای بیشترین میزان تخریب و تغییر کاربری اراضی جنگلی در استان گلستان در سال 1402 انجام شد. جامعه آماری شامل 350 نفر از سرپرستان خانوارهای ساکن در پنج روستای حاشیه جنگل بودند. با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان و شیوه روش نمونه‌‌گیری طبقه‌‌بندی‌شده تصادفی با انتساب متناسب، 183 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه پژوهش انتخاب شدند. اطلاعات با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه جمع‌آوری شد. روایی محتوایی و ظاهری پرسش‌نامه با استفاده از نظرات متخصصان ترویج و کارشناسان اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان گلستان بررسی شد. تعیین اعتبار پرسش‌نامه با استفاده از روش آلفای کرونباخ انجام گرفت. مقدار این ضریب برای بخش‌‌های مختلف پرسش‌نامه 934/0 و 775/0 به‌دست آمد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 19 انجام شد.
نتایج: یافته‌‌های این پژوهش نشان داد که بیشتر از 80 درصد خانوارها با سطوح مختلفی از ناامنی غذایی مواجه هستند. بیشتر از نیمی از افراد مورد مطالعه (7/55 درصد) نسبت به تغییر کاربری اراضی جنگلی، تمایلی قوی و بسیار قوی داشتند. نتایج آزمون همبستگی نشان داد که بین سن، سابقه سکونت در روستا و فاصله محل سکونت تا شهر با تمایل پاسخ‌گویان به تغییر کاربری اراضی جنگلی، ارتباط منفی و معنی‌‌دار وجود دارد. همچنین، ارتباط مثبت و معنی‌‌داری بین درآمد ماهانه کل خانوار و تمایل پاسخ‌گویان به تغییر کاربری اراضی جنگلی به‌دست آمد. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که متغیرهای سن، درآمد کل ماهانه خانوار، سابقه سکونت در روستا و فاصله محل سکونت تا شهر بر تمایل به تغییر کاربری اراضی جنگلی تأثیرگذار هستند. بیشترین تأثیر منفی بر تمایل به تغییر کاربری مربوط به متغیر سن و بیشترین تأثیر مثبت مربوط به متغیر درآمد بود.
نتیجه‌‌گیری کلی: به‌طورکلی، رابطة معنی‌‌داری بین امنیت غذایی و تمایل پاسخ‌گویان به تغییر کاربری اراضی جنگلی در پژوهش پیش‌رو مشاهده نشد، اما افزایش درآمد از متغیرهای تأثیرگذار بر افزایش تمایل پاسخ‌گویان به تغییر کاربری اراضی جنگلی بود. برای کاهش این تمایل، علاوه‌بر آموزش روستائیان در زمینه اهمیت جنگل و حفاظت از آن، اجرای برنامه‌‌های مرتبط با بهبود معیشت و تغییر الگوی درآمدی آنان از وابستگی به منابع طبیعی به منابع درآمدی جایگزین، پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Food security and desire for forestry land use change among rural households of Golestan province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • M.R. Mahboobi 1
  • A. Badahang Gale-Bache 2
1 Corresponding author, Associate Prof., Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Communication, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: In underdeveloped countries, one measure to ensure food security involves exploiting natural resources, often leading to their destruction. Forests serve as a direct source of food and fuel and provide income, while ecosystem services enhance families' capacity to cope with food insecurity. Food insecurity refers to limited or uncertain access to nutritionally adequate food or the inability to obtain food in socially acceptable ways. There is a close relationship between villagers' food security and their willingness to change forest land use, yet few studies have explored these issues and their interconnection. This research aimed to understand the food security situation of rural households living in forest edge areas and their desire to change forest land use in Golestan Province, Iran.
Methodology: This descriptive survey research was conducted in 2023 in villages with the highest rates of forest land destruction and use change in Golestan Province. The statistical population consisted of 350 household heads living in five forest-edge villages, and 183 individuals were selected as the research sample using the Krejcie and Morgan table and proportionate stratified sampling method. Data collection was done via a questionnaire, whose content and appearance validity were confirmed by extension specialists and experts from the General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Golestan Province. The questionnaire's validity was determined using Cronbach's alpha method, with coefficients of 0.934 and 0.775 for different parts. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 19 software.
Results: The research findings showed that over 80% of households faced various levels of food insecurity, and more than half of the respondents (55.7%) had a strong or very strong desire to change forest land use. Correlation tests revealed a negative and significant relationship between respondents' age, village residency history, and distance from their residence to the city with their desire to change forest land use. Conversely, there was a positive and significant relationship between total family income and respondents' willingness to change forest land use. Regression analysis indicated that age, total monthly household income, village residency history, and distance from the city influenced the willingness to change forest land use. Age had the most negative effect, while income had the most positive effect.
Conclusion: The results showed no significant relationship between food security and respondents' willingness to change forest land use. However, increasing income was a variable influencing this willingness. To reduce this desire, it is suggested that, in addition to educating villagers about the importance of forests and their protection, livelihood improvement programs be implemented to shift their income reliance from natural resources to alternative sources.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agriculture
  • food insecurity
  • forest
  • land use change
  • natural resources

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