از درخت تا موزه، کاوشی در ارزش پنهان Xylotheque در علوم طبیعی

نوع مقاله : علمی- مروری

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌شناسی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ایران، تهران، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، کارشناس بخش تحقیقات جنگل، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ایران، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ایران، تهران، ایران

10.22092/ijfpr.2023.361625.2092

چکیده

ماده گرانبهایی که با سرمایه و کار طبیعت در جنگل‌ها ساخته و پرداخته می‌شود چوب است که تاریخچه آن حکایت از نقش با­اهمیت در زندگی انسان از گذشته­های بسیار دور تا به امروز دارد. به تدریج و با گذر زمان، در بسیاری از نقاط دنیا، در کنار تهیه مجموعه­های ارزشمند گیاهی و جانوری، جمع­آوری نمونه­های چوبی در موزه یا هرباریوم­ها رواج یافت. این مجموعه­های چوبی که با عنوان زیلوتک Xylothek (زیلوتک) به دنیا معرفی شدند، فرم خاصی از هرباریوم­ به نام Xylarium  (زیلاریوم) هستند که نمونه­های چوبی در آن نگهداری می­شوند. استفاده از واژه زیلاریوم باعث جدایی مفهوم کلکسیون­های غیررسمی، مانند آنچه استادکاران و صنعتگران ایجاد می­کنند با کلکسیون­هایی می­شود که با اهداف علمی و آموزشی تاسیس شده است. هدف اصلی از ایجاد این موزه­ها فراهم آوردن امکان بررسی سیستماتیک برای آناتومیست­های چوب، پژوهشگران، صنعتگران و علاقمندان علوم دیگر و نیز همکاری نزدیک و تبادل بین زیلاریوم­های بزرگ دنیا است. گردآوری این مجموعه­ها برای شناسایی نمونه­های چوبی جهت کارکردهای تجاری، فرهنگی، تاریخی، باستان­شناسی، آموزشی و نمایشگاهی نیز کاربردی است. در سال‌های اخیر با توسعه فناوری، این امکان برای دست­اندرکاران فراهم شده است که بتوانند با تکنولوژی­های مدرن براساس روش­های متنوع تصویربرداری، آنالیز تصویر و اندازه­گیری و روش های هوش مصنوعی چوب­ها را شناسایی کنند. این بلوک­های چوبی بی­صدا، دارای ارزش قابل­توجهی هستند که می­توانند موجب افزایش آگاهی جامعه نسبت به ذخایر زیستی شوند و توجه پژوهشگران را نسبت به جمع­آوری و مستندنگاری اطلاعات آن‌ها جلب کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

From tree to museum: Exploring the hidden value of Xylotheque in the natural sciences

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Fadaei Khojasteh 1
  • F. Hatami 2
  • K. Salehi 3
1 Expert, Botany Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Corresponding author, Expert, Forest Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Prof.,Wood Science and Forest Products Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

      Wood is a valuable material that is produced and treated in the forest workshop using natural resources. The history of these workshops reveals the significance of wood in human life across many regions of the world. As collecting wooden specimens became increasingly popular over time, museums and herbariums emerged to house valuable plant and animal collections. One unique type of collection is the xylarium, or wooden herbarium, where wood samples are stored. The term "xylothek" was originally used when these collections were made available to the public. Xylaria distinguish between collections created for scientific and educational purposes and informal ones made by craftsmen and artisans. The creation of these collections was primarily intended to facilitate collaboration and exchange among the world's greatest xylaria. They also allow for systematic studies by wood anatomists, researchers, and scientists in other fields. Additionally, they serve exhibition, educational, cultural, historical, and commercial purposes. In recent years, modern technologies such as imaging, image analysis, measurement, and artificial intelligence have made it possible for artisans to identify wood with greater precision. These collections have immense value because they increase awareness of biological reserves and attract the attention of experts who record and collect information about them. Wood blocks may seem silent, but they have tremendous potential to enhance our understanding of the natural world and contribute to its preservation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Herbarium
  • wood
  • wooden blocks
  • Xylothek
  • Xylarium

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